Attenuated organisms often provide a weak or short-lived immune response. Vaccines containing toxoid are used when the pathogenicity of the organism is a result of the secreted toxin. BOTH statements are TRUE FIRST statement is TRUE; SECOND statement is FALSE BOTH statements are FALSE
Q: Create a concept map that describes antibodies using the following terms: Antibodies Agglutination…
A: An antibody is a protein produced by the body's immune system when it detects harmful substances,…
Q: The figure below shows antibodies bound to repetitive epitopes on the surface of a bacterial…
A: Answer: Antibody Antigen reaction : Antibodies are the peptide Y shaped structure which are produced…
Q: The current estimate is that mammalian B cells are capable of producing 1,010 different…
A: Immunoglobulins are composed of four polypeptide chains out of which two are heavy chains and two…
Q: To put an end to the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccines were developed against the virus and people…
A: Vaccines are antigens or proteins that help in eliciting the host immune response against specific…
Q: In the event of an inflammation in the body, discuss the vaccine concept after indicating how the…
A: Inflammation It is defined as a biological response of the immune system which is stimulated by…
Q: What are features of adaptive immunity? Select all that apply. Antigen receptors are produced by…
A:
Q: In cortical region of the thymus, T cells are the following EXCEPT Select one: Each cell must bind…
A: Answer: Introduction: Primary lymphoid organs – Primary lymphoid organs are including thymus, Bursa…
Q: Do we need vaccines or not? Can you please fully explaine that yes or not and why giving biological…
A: Importance of vaccines
Q: What is the mechanism behind the success of vaccines to eradicate or reduce infectious diseases such…
A: Vaccination refers to the process of immunizing individuals before they get infected with a disease.…
Q: Research on HIV vaccines is progressing, but success to date has been limited to vaccines that are…
A: HIV or the human immunodeficiency viruses is a type of Lentivirus (a subgroup of the retrovirus,…
Q: Which of the following vaccines is safe to administer to a patient who has a T-cell deficiency?…
A: T-cell deficiency is a deficiency of T-cells, due to reduced T-cell function, which induces…
Q: Which option is not an example of active immunization? Group of answer choices Injection of a mRNA…
A: Active Immunity Antibodies develop in a person's own immune system after the body is exposed to an…
Q: Transfer of immunoglobulins from mother to child during breastfeeding can protect the child from…
A: Answer Naturally acquired passive immunity
Q: Immune cells such as dendritic cells can receive signals from the microbiome and: if the microbiome…
A: A defense system in the body of an individual which constitutes a complex network of cells and…
Q: Which of the following occurs during an active immunization? Effector and memory cells do not…
A: When a disease entity activates the immune system to generate antibodies against it, this is known…
Q: Which of the following statements correctly compares/contrasts the ways in which antibiotics and…
A: The ways in which antibiotics and antibodies interact with the cells of pathogens that they can…
Q: Annual flu shots: deliver antibody from the survivors of a virus. boost the number of phagocytes…
A: FLU- It is an infection caused by a virus in which the respiratory organs are affected like the…
Q: Which of the following defines a memory cell? Microorganism that typically lives on the human body…
A: Primary response- the immune response that occurs during the body's first encounter with a…
Q: Maternal antibodies transmitted via the placenta: A. are an example of natural passive immunity B.…
A: Active immunity is that immunity that is developed because of exposure of the body to an antigen or…
Q: A live vaccine (aka attenuated vaccine) contains antibodies. a pathogen that does not contain…
A: Vaccination is a way of providing immunity against a particular pathogen. The immune system fights…
Q: The human immune system has a variety of ways to protect us from pathogens, including innate and…
A: The immune system is a collection of biological mechanisms that defends an organism against illness.…
Q: Research on HIV vaccines is progressing, but success to date has been limited to vaccines that are…
A: HIV is highly communicable and a major health concern because it can’t be prevented by…
Q: Despite our advancement in Science and Technology, thanks to the invention of the early scientists…
A: Louis Pasteur is known as the discoverer of vaccines. He developed vaccines based on live or…
Q: * The effect of a vaccine is an example of
A: Vaccines contain inactivated toxin or killed toxin or antigenic proteins. Vaccines provides…
Q: Which of the following best describes an attenuated whole-agent vaccine? Which option is the…
A: Ans ✓Inactivated toxin (toxoid) that induces immunity against microbial toxin.This is the correct…
Q: In the secondary immune response, naïve B cells are inhibited. Explain the molecular mechanism…
A: Antigen recognition by Ig receptors and extracellular signaling by CD4+ T cells (thymus-dependent)…
Q: Valency of vaccine: Select one: All listed choices are true Refers to the number of diseases or…
A: Vaccine A vaccine is a composition used to stimulate immune response and production of antibodies…
Q: 1. Can create antibodies 2. Can destroy pathogens by secreting perforins 3. Is activated by a…
A: The humoral immune system deals with antigens from pathogens that are freely circulating, or outside…
Q: Which of the following is INCORRECT Select one: Degradability is T cell requirement of…
A: The immune system of the body is involved in protecting the body against various pathogens. White…
Q: female nurses in their forties who don't drink with
A: Vaccine: It is substance which triggers the bodies immune system against a particular disease.
Q: During the secondary immune response, in the serum you would expect a. to find a greater…
A: Introduction The secondary immune response occurs on repeated antigen exposures, with a stronger…
Q: How could you design a new SARS-CoV3 vaccine that elicits broad immunity with B cell memory to…
A: SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, first appeared in China in late 2019. Since then, it has…
Q: Two newly developed vaccine candidates (A and B) are tested in mice for their ability to elicit high…
A: Since you have posted a question with multiple sub-parts, we will solve the first three subparts for…
Q: Which of the following is a type of Immune Treatment gained from recombinant technology? Factor VIII…
A: Recobinant DNA technology involves the addition of a desired transgene into an organism for various…
Q: importance of vaccine and herd immunity?
A: Biotechnology is a wide range of study where it uses its techniques with biological systems to…
Q: Allergy to pollen is classified as ________. an immunodeficiency a delayed…
A: Our body responds to stimuli. But there are times when the body responds too excessively for a small…
Q: Autoimmunity produces reactions that resemble which of the following hypersensitivity reactions?…
A: Immunity is the ability of multicellular living beings to oppose destructive microorganisms.…
Q: The conversion of memory cells into plasma cells occurs during ______________. Question options:…
A: * The answer of the question is option 5 that is the secondary immune response only. * The…
Q: How does HIV get past our 2nd and 3rd lines of immune defense? 1.by releasing its DNA into our…
A: HIV- It has two antigenic variants HIV-1 and HIV-2, It destroys the immune system and therefore the…
Q: It used to be that our only method of creating vaccines was to use dead or weakened pathogens. That…
A: Yes, in earlier times the only way to create a vaccine was mimicking the infection for which the…
Q: What if the surface of a bacteria cell was not very antigenic? What would this mean for the host?…
A: Antigens are substances that produce an immune response in the host body. Antigens are present on…
Q: The concern with using non-infectious viral vaccines is that they fail to generate ___________.…
A: The concern with using non-infectious viral vaccines is that they fail to generate memory killer T…
Q: What type of immunity is acquired once vaccinated against COVID-19? * No answer passive,…
A: Immunity is the body's capacity to defend itself against infectious diseases. When you are immune to…
Q: On a pice of paper create a Venn diagram comparing and contrasting mechanical, physical, and…
A: Innate immunity is adaptive physiological response that occurs in the body since birth. No other…
Q: “T-lymphocytes are the most important arm of the immune response in protecting the community against…
A: Introduction :- T cells are adaptive function regulators as well as key effectors in cell-mediated…
Q: Which of the following is a type of Immune Treatment gained from recombinant technology? Factor VIII…
A: Introduction Recombinant DNA technology involves a series of procedures or techniques that are used…
Q: The natural tendency of immune systems to lose their effectiveness in older people is called ___. It…
A: A disease is an abnormal condition of the body or body that does not work properly and causes a…
Q: Which of the following is a key feature of an effective vaccine? An effective vaccine should provide…
A: Vaccine is a biological substance which should allow the formation of antibodies against the…
Q: T-independent humoral immunity may be stunted in children because __________. View Available Hint(s)…
A: T cell independent immunity is largely dependent on the thymus's T cell maturing activity. As the…
Q: Attenuated agents may induce immunity after a single dose may cause disease in immunocompromised…
A: Attenuated agents are live but weakened agents or pathogens
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- Which of the following is a key feature of an effective vaccine? An effective vaccine should provide little protection for a secondary exposure. An effective vaccine should not harm the host. An effective vaccine should produce B cell but not T cells. An effective vaccine should require several boosters.Which of the following best describes an attenuated whole-agent vaccine? Uses antigenic fragments of a microbe to stimulate immunity Uses living but weakened microbes to stimulate immunity Uses killed microbes to stimulate immunity Combination of antigens to enhance immune response Inactivated toxin (toxoid) that induces immunity against microbial toxinWhat are vaccines and how does it contribute to both the innate and adaptive immune responses? Explain the mechanisms of vaccines and how it results into B cells and T cells. Provide an example of a vaccine by including its type, its structure, how it was made, and how it influences it’s respective pathogen.
- A live vaccine (aka attenuated vaccine) contains antibodies. a pathogen that does not contain recognizable epitopes. a pathogen that does not cause an immune response. a pathogen that causes mild, if any, symptoms.Which of the following best describes an attenuated whole-agent vaccine? Which option is the answer... Inactivated toxin (toxoid) that induces immunity against microbial toxin Uses living but weakened microbes to stimulate immunity Combination of antigens to enhance immune response Uses killed microbes to stimulate immunity Uses antigenic fragments of a microbe to stimulate immunityThe figure below shows antibodies bound to repetitive epitopes on the surface of a bacterial pathogen. Even though all of these epitopes are identical, not all of them have antibodies bound to them. The most likely explanation for this failure of antibodies to bind to every possible epitope on the surface of the pathogen is: There is an insufficient amount of antibody to saturate all the epitopes. The pathogen has an immune evasion strategy to avoid antibody binding to all epitopes. Some of the epitopes cannot bind antibody due to steric hindrance. The antibodies are only able to bind when both antigen-binding sites are engaged on the pathogen surface. The epitopes on the pathogen are not all in the same conformation, so not all will bind the same antibody.
- The efficacy of vaccines to prevent the spread of disease at the population level depends on: _____; that is, the Herd immunity Cluster immunity Individual immunity Surveillance Attack RateGenerally, polysaccharides are not good antigens, because B cells that recognize them cannot get T-cell help. But for some pathogens, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae opsonization by antibodies that bind the thick polysaccharide "capsule" layer surrounding the bacteria is the major mechanism of clearing the infection. As expected, a pure polysaccharide vaccine is not terribly effective, but much better immunity is achieved by vaccinating with a polysaccharide covalently linked "conjugated" to an unrelated protein. Explain how this conjugate vaccine allows B cells capable of making anti-polysaccharide antibodies.Describe the ways in which each of the following pathogens can disarm their host’s immune system or manipulate it to their own advantage:a. Pathogenic strains of Staphylococcusb. Enveloped viruses
- Which of the following cells in the diagram shown below phagocytizes antigen-antibody complexes and is effective against parasitic worms? Courtesy Michael Ross, University of Florida А В C D E a) A O b) B c) C d) D O el EDescribe and give one example: artificial active acquired immunity artificial passive acquired immunity natural active acquired immunity natural passive acquired immunityWhich of the therapies listed below involves the use of antibodies that bind to an infectious agent? EXPLAIN vector immunoprophylaxis incorrect checkpoint blockade CAR T cell therapy anti-CD20 therapy