Assume the existence of an N x M matrix of characters, you are requested to find the character that is most commonly used in the whole matrix. For example: Input: [ G A C E C F] [ B C F A A F] [ F A G B A D] [ F F G A C C] [ E E F A E D] [ C E F B G A] [ D A D C F D] [ D F A G D C] Output: The most common characters are: F and A a) Design an efficient algorithm with the lowest possible complexity to solve this problem, and explain why your algorithm is efficient.  b) Analyze the complexity of your algorithm.

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Hash Table

A hash table also called a hash map, is a data structure that maps key-value pairs. The hash table can be used in complex systems to provide fast access and compact storage. A hash table is a structure that stores data in an abstract data type kind of associative array. It keeps data in an array format, with a distinct index value for every data value. If the index of the required data is known, then the data can be accessed very easily.