As used in the interaction grid, MUTUALISMS are: Plus/plus interactions between two different species. Plus/plus interactions between two individuals of the same species. Plus/plus interactions either within or between species. Any interaction that is plus for one or both species.
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- Species interactions can be categorized into five different groups. List, define them, and provide an example of each.What is meant by interaction that happen among species is diffuseCommensalism is: An interaction that has no effect on either of two species. An interaction that benefits one species and has no effect on a second species. An interaction that harms one species and has no effect on a second species. An interaction harms each of two species.
- Describe two interspecific interactions where both species benefit and both species are at a disadvantage. Identify the interaction.Which of the following regarding species interactions is INCORRECT? a) The net effects of a mutualism on each participant is a fixed characteristic of the interaction, and is rarely influenced by external factors. b) Reciprocal parasitism is an accurate way of describing many mutualistic interactions. c) The Lotka-Volterra competition model accounts for the effects of both interspecific and intraspecific competition.After spraying your yard with a weed-killer you notice that you don't see any bees in your yard for the next few days. You know that bees are a keystone species that is critical for a healthy environment, and want to investigate if there is a connection between the weed-killer and the absence of bees. Task: Design an experiment that could test this association by describing each of the following points with a sentence: Describe your hypothesis: Describe your dependent variable: Describe you independent variable: Describe your positive control group: Describe a negative control group:
- Interspecific interactions affect the survivaland reproduction of the species that engage in them. As shownin the table, these interactions can be grouped into three broadcategories: competition, exploitation, and positive interactionsThere are a wide range of potential costs and benefits of living in a group. Sometimes these costs and benefits can create tradeoffs with respect to optimal group size. The following graphs show two such factors – risk of disease (in red) and risk of predation (in black). Researchers can use these relationships to predict optimal group size (yellow star). Which of the following graphs is most consistent with what you would expect for these costs and benefits of group living?Define mutualism. Give two example of a mutualistic interaction.
- Based on the data in the table below, determine whether mutualism will evolve in Species 1 and Species 2. Species 1 Species 2 Fitness of successful mutualists 2 Fitness of unsuccessful mutualist 1 1 Fitness of nonmutualists 1 Proportion of successful mutualists 0.5 0.33 Proportion of unsuccessful mutualist 0.25 0.33 Proportion of nonmutualists 0.25 0.33 Species 2 will evolve a mutualism, species 1 will not evolve a mutualism Species 1 will evolve a mutualism, species 2 will not evolve a mutualism Neither species will evolve a mutualism Both species 1 and 2 will evolve mutualisms 2.Which statement about interaction networks is true? They show that most interactions are highly specialized. They show that most interactions are obligate. They show symmetrical dependency: generalists interact with generalists and specialists interact with specialists. They show asymmetrical dependency: generalists commonly interact with specialists.Label the species interactions based on the effect they have on each species, positive (+), negative (-) or no effect (0). Interactions that are +/+ are called and +/0 is called an example of +/- is -- is called -/0 is called A. Mutualism; parasitism; commensalism; competition; amensalism B. Facilitation; parasitism; competition; commensalism; mutualism C. Mutualism; predation; competition; amensalism; commensalism D. Mutualism; herbivory; competition; commensalism; amensalism E. Facilitation; predation; exploitation; amensalism; phoresy