As a result of the process(es) of thiol transfer, carbon atoms from serine can end up in what biological molecule(s)?
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A: these are high molecular weight heteropolysaccharides.
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- Proteoglycan aggregates in tissues form hydrated, viscousgels. Can you think of any obvious mechanical reason whytheir capacity to form gels is important to cell function?[Hint: Liquid water is virtually incompressible.]Most animals cannot use wool for nourishment. An exception is the clothes moth: it can derive nourishment from eating clothing made of natural fibers such as wool (which is rich in a-keratin). The digestive tract of the larvae of clothes moths provides a highly reducing environment. Why is this beneficial to the larvae? The reducing environment will reduce the disulfide linkages, making it easier to digest the proteins. The reducing environment will hydrolyze the peptide bonds. The reducing environment will interfere with the H-bonding between the tropocollagen molecules, making the type of protein found in most natural fibres easier to digest. The reducing environment will help to kill bacterial pathogens. The reducing environment will detoxify the carcinogenic dyes used in the textile industry.In what type of intra and intermolecular interactions does a valine within a protein backbone typically participate?
- Describe the structure and functions of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP).In relation to the peptide sequence that is presented. -Gly - Ser – Cys – Asp – Glu – Arg – Cys – Arg- ................ S_____________________S The correct option is A. Contains more negative than positive residues B. Contains only one charged alpha-aa C. The formation of the disulfide bridge is incorrect D. Hydrophilic and charged residues predominateSome hormone-signaling pathways result in the phosphorylation of tyrosine resides in proteins. Draw the structure of a phosphotyrosine side chain.
- In animal cells, enzymes synthesized to hydrolyze polymers to form monomers. This process involves the RER, the SER and the Golgi apparatus. In which of the following is the molecule listed for this process employed by the cells of the organ indicated? a) formation of Fatty acids by lipases in the small intestine. b) production of glucose from glycogen by the liver. c) formation of amino acids by proteases in the small intestine d) formation of monosaccharides by Carboxylases in the mouth and small intestine. e) all are possibleIdentify what GalNAc, GlcNAc, Fucose and Sialic Acid are, draw them and describe their function/role in the human body...In each case, these are enzymes that catalyze thesame reaction in different species. The question is: are they related or not? i.e. Are the structures essentially the same? Often you can get similar reactions from proteins thatevolved from a common ancestor (e.g., trypsin and chymotrypsin). Sometimes the samereaction can be catalyzed by proteins with very different evolutionary origins and with verydifferent structures (e.g., trypsin and subtilisin). Your job is to decide if these proteins have fundamentally different folds or if they have basically the same fold. Briefly justify your answer.1. Aminopeptidases from a mammal (PR1A) and the malaria parasite (PR1B)2. Bisphosphoglycerate mutase from a mammal (PR2A) and the toxoplasma parasite(PR2B)
- Which of the following statements regarding adenosine phosphates is incorrect? a) ATP, ADP and AMP are all examples of adenosine phosphates. b) All adenosine phosphates contain a pentose ribose sugar. c) All phosphate ions in adenosine phosphates are joint together by a phosphoanhydride bond. d) All adenosine phosphates releases energy upon cleavage of phosphate group.Illustrate the pathways to synthesize the following aminoacids:a. glutamineb. serinec. arginined. glycinee. cysteineThe storage polysaccharide starch is a mixture of the molecules amylose (an unbranched polymer of glucose) and amylopectin (a branched polymer of glucose). Both amylose and amylopectin only have one reducing end, but amylopectin has many nonreducing ends.Enzymes that break down these molecules act on the nonreducing ends. Briefly describe why this is advantageous.