Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) are used to treat high blood pressure. Explain how these drugs are helpful in treating hypertension. How do ACE receptors contribute to the progression of SARS CoV-2 infection (see reference below) Distinguish between ACE1 and ACE2 proteins in function and relationship to ACE inhibitors.
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Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) are used to treat high blood pressure.
Explain how these drugs are helpful in treating hypertension.
How do ACE receptors contribute to the progression of SARS CoV-2 infection (see reference below)
Distinguish between ACE1 and ACE2 proteins in function and relationship to ACE inhibitors.
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- It is known that heparin acts by increasing the activity of antithrombin, causing a conformational change. LMWHs inhibit mainly factor Xa. Although low doses of heparin act primarily by neutralizing factor Xa, at high doses it prevents thrombin-induced platelet activation and prolongs bleeding time. What are major clinical benefits using heparin or LMWHs?Inhibin and activin are similar molecules; however they have very different physiological roles. Discuss these differences.Describe the changes in clotting and bleeding balance during disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Describe the most important blood coagulation tests used to monitor the patients receiving heparin and warfarin. Distinguish between immediate and delayed hypersensitivity. What drugs are used to treat immediate hypersensitivity and how do these drug work? Why don’t these compounds work in treating delayed hypersensitivity?
- Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) is an endothelial cell-specific receptor that has inherent tyrosine kinase activity. The binding of the Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) ligand to its receptor plays an important role in angiogenesis, a process by which new capillaries are formed. Enhanced angiogenesis is associated with a number of diseases including cancer. Your goal is to develop a homogeneous in vitro TR-FRET kinase assay for VEGFR-2 (purified protein) in an attempt to identify small molecules that inhibit kinase activity and in turn modulate angiogenesis. Based on this background, please answer the following questions How would you apply a TR-FRET assay to measure the in vitro kinase activity of VEGFR-2? Describe in steps the assay design and potential readout outcome.Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) is an endothelial cell-specific receptor that has inherent tyrosine kinase activity. The binding of the Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) ligand to its receptor plays an important role in angiogenesis, a process by which new capillaries are formed. Enhanced angiogenesis is associated with a number of diseases including cancer. Your goal is to develop a homogeneous in vitro TR-FRET kinase assay for VEGFR-2 (purified protein) in an attempt to identify small molecules that inhibit kinase activity and in turn modulate angiogenesis. Based on this background, please answer the following questions What is the advantage of measuring autophosphorylation of the receptor rather than phosphorylation of the substrate?Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) is an endothelial cell-specific receptor that has inherent tyrosine kinase activity. The binding of the Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) ligand to its receptor plays an important role in angiogenesis, a process by which new capillaries are formed. Enhanced angiogenesis is associated with a number of diseases including cancer. Your goal is to develop a homogeneous in vitro TR-FRET kinase assay for VEGFR-2 (purified protein) in an attempt to identify small molecules that inhibit kinase activity and in turn modulate angiogenesis. Based on this background, please answer the following questions While setting up your experiment, you accidentally discovered autophophorylation of receptor. What observation/results led you to believe that there was autophosphorylation of the receptor?
- Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) is an endothelial cell-specific receptor that has inherent tyrosine kinase activity. The binding of the Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) ligand to its receptor plays an important role in angiogenesis, a process by which new capillaries are formed. Enhanced angiogenesis is associated with a number of diseases including cancer. Your goal is to develop a homogeneous in vitro TR-FRET kinase assay for VEGFR-2 (purified protein) in an attempt to identify small molecules that inhibit kinase activity and in turn modulate angiogenesis. Based on this background, please answer the following questions How would you determine robustness of the assay and validate the assay?Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) is an endothelial cell-specific receptor that has inherent tyrosine kinase activity. The binding of the Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) ligand to its receptor plays an important role in angiogenesis, a process by which new capillaries are formed. Enhanced angiogenesis is associated with a number of diseases including cancer. Your goal is to develop a homogeneous in vitro TR-FRET kinase assay for VEGFR-2 (purified protein) in an attempt to identify small molecules that inhibit kinase activity and in turn modulate angiogenesis. Based on this background, please answer the following questions If you wanted to measure the kinase activity of VEGFR-2, what are some of the conventional methods/assays you would use?Describe a detailed mechanism through which the anti-clotting benefit of aspirin is obtained
- one of the mechanisms of SARS-COV-2 is to downregulate ACE-2. how is this harmful and what pulmonary condition does it led to?Sickle cell anemia is associated with which of the following: Question 27 options: Sticky patches on the hemoglobin surface only present in the T-state Sticky patches on the hemoglobin surface only present in the R-state A mutant form of hemoglobin called Ɣ-hemoglobin Decreased ability to stabilize the T-state with 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate Decreased ability to bind heme because of the Bohr effectsickle cell disease and its variants are genetic disorders resulting from the presence of a mutated form of hemoglobin . propose a proper therapeutic strategy to ameliorate or cure this disease.