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alkalinity

alkalinity

Chemistry: Principles and Practice
Chemistry: Principles and Practice
3rd Edition
ISBN:9780534420123
Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward Mercer
Publisher:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward Mercer
Chapter14: Chemical Equilibrium
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 14.3QE: Describe a nonchemical system that is not in equilibrium, and explain why equilibrium has not been...
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alkalinity

Assume 25°C, 1 atm, ideal conditions (I=0, y→1) in all problems. If you employ simplifying assumptions when you solve the problems, please provide the rationale for your assumption. 1) The dissolved carbonate system refers to the combination of dissolved carbonic acid (H2CO3") and its conjugate base species bicarbonate (HCO;) and carbonate (CO3²). In aquatic systems, the equilibrium distribution of these three species can be described by the following acid dissociation reactions. H2CO3* HCO3¯+ H* HCO3 + CO3²- + H* Kal = 10-6.35 Ka2 = 10-10.33 where the total inorganic carbon concentration Cr= [H2CO3*]+ [HCO3]+[CO;²]. a) Describe two different reasons why the dissolved carbonate system is important for aquatic systems relevant to environmental scientists and engineers b) Identify the pH range where each species (i.e., H2CO3", HCO3', CO3²') is dominant form of CT. c) Calculate the equilibrium pH of a solution that was prepared by dissolving carbonic acid H2CO3* into water to a concentration of CT= 103 M. (You have the option of employing a simplifying assumption to solve the problem. If you do so, please justify and check your assumption.) 2) Calculate the alkalinity (in units of eq/L) of groundwater containing CT = 104 M; pH 6.4 (closed system) 3) The finished water at a drinking water treatment plant contains an alkalinity of 1.5 meq/L and a pH of 7.2 (due to dissolved carbonate species). What is the total dissolved carbonate concentration (i.e., Cr)? Assume that no water-gas exchange occurs.
Transcribed Image Text:Assume 25°C, 1 atm, ideal conditions (I=0, y→1) in all problems. If you employ simplifying assumptions when you solve the problems, please provide the rationale for your assumption. 1) The dissolved carbonate system refers to the combination of dissolved carbonic acid (H2CO3") and its conjugate base species bicarbonate (HCO;) and carbonate (CO3²). In aquatic systems, the equilibrium distribution of these three species can be described by the following acid dissociation reactions. H2CO3* HCO3¯+ H* HCO3 + CO3²- + H* Kal = 10-6.35 Ka2 = 10-10.33 where the total inorganic carbon concentration Cr= [H2CO3*]+ [HCO3]+[CO;²]. a) Describe two different reasons why the dissolved carbonate system is important for aquatic systems relevant to environmental scientists and engineers b) Identify the pH range where each species (i.e., H2CO3", HCO3', CO3²') is dominant form of CT. c) Calculate the equilibrium pH of a solution that was prepared by dissolving carbonic acid H2CO3* into water to a concentration of CT= 103 M. (You have the option of employing a simplifying assumption to solve the problem. If you do so, please justify and check your assumption.) 2) Calculate the alkalinity (in units of eq/L) of groundwater containing CT = 104 M; pH 6.4 (closed system) 3) The finished water at a drinking water treatment plant contains an alkalinity of 1.5 meq/L and a pH of 7.2 (due to dissolved carbonate species). What is the total dissolved carbonate concentration (i.e., Cr)? Assume that no water-gas exchange occurs.
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