Activators bind to genes at enhancer sequences and increase transcription. ACTIVATORS ACTIVATOR COACTIVATORS ENHANCER ACTIVATOR TATA BINDING 44BOX Coactivators function as adaptors and integrate signals from activators and repressors and relay the information to the basal transcription factors. Repressors bind to genes. at silencer sequences and decrease transcription. SLENCER CORE PROMOTER REPRESSOR POLYMERAGE BASAL FACTORS CODNO M Basal transcription fac- tors and RNA polymerase bind to the core promoter of genes and are required. for transcription. Figure 5. Transcription in eukaryotes. The expression of RNA in eukaryotes is initiated by the binding of basal transcription factors to the promoter sequence of a gene. This leads to the recruitment of RNA polymerase to synthesize an RNA transcript of the corresponding gene. - RNA transcription can be increased or decreased additionally by binding of activator or repressor proteins to enhancer / silencer sequences which can be located far away from the promoter of the gene they are regulating. Transcription factors, activators and repressors bind DNA in a sequence specific fashion. This is achieved by chemical interactions (mostly hydrogen bonds) between the amino acids of the protein and the bases of the DNA molecule. Questions 3. Looking at the diagram of transcription in eukaryotes and using the information provided, how could the expression of lactase RNA be turned on and off by transcription factors, activators and repressors? 4. Would the relative position where a transcription factor or an activator/repressor binds DNA be the same across different individuals? Explain why or why not.
Activators bind to genes at enhancer sequences and increase transcription. ACTIVATORS ACTIVATOR COACTIVATORS ENHANCER ACTIVATOR TATA BINDING 44BOX Coactivators function as adaptors and integrate signals from activators and repressors and relay the information to the basal transcription factors. Repressors bind to genes. at silencer sequences and decrease transcription. SLENCER CORE PROMOTER REPRESSOR POLYMERAGE BASAL FACTORS CODNO M Basal transcription fac- tors and RNA polymerase bind to the core promoter of genes and are required. for transcription. Figure 5. Transcription in eukaryotes. The expression of RNA in eukaryotes is initiated by the binding of basal transcription factors to the promoter sequence of a gene. This leads to the recruitment of RNA polymerase to synthesize an RNA transcript of the corresponding gene. - RNA transcription can be increased or decreased additionally by binding of activator or repressor proteins to enhancer / silencer sequences which can be located far away from the promoter of the gene they are regulating. Transcription factors, activators and repressors bind DNA in a sequence specific fashion. This is achieved by chemical interactions (mostly hydrogen bonds) between the amino acids of the protein and the bases of the DNA molecule. Questions 3. Looking at the diagram of transcription in eukaryotes and using the information provided, how could the expression of lactase RNA be turned on and off by transcription factors, activators and repressors? 4. Would the relative position where a transcription factor or an activator/repressor binds DNA be the same across different individuals? Explain why or why not.
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Question
Transcribed Image Text:III.ii-Eukaryotic Gene Regulation
Esiankiki: My mom told me that in the case of lactase persistence, it turns out that the persistence is caused by
continued expression of the lactase RNA.
Xiao-Ma: That's so interesting! Here are some more notes from my biology class. I wonder how the lactase RNA
can be expressed in some adults but not in others?
Activators bind to genes at
enhancer sequences and
increase transcription.
ACTIVATORS
ACTIVATOR
COACTIVATORS
ENHANCER
ACTIVATOR
ATA BINDING
TATA BOX
coactivators function as
adaptors and integrate
signals from activators
and repressors and relay
the information to the
basal transcription factors.
Repressors bind to genes
at silencer sequences and
decrease transcription.
CORE PROMOTER-
REPRESSOR
POLYMERASE
BASAL FACTORS
CODING
REGION
Basal transcription fac-
tors and RNA polymerase
bind to the core promoter
of genes and are required
for transcription.
Figure 5. Transcription in eukaryotes.
- The expression of RNA in eukaryotes
is initiated by the binding of basal
transcription factors to the promoter
sequence of a gene. This leads to the
recruitment of RNA polymerase to
synthesize an RNA transcript of the
corresponding gene.
RNA transcription can be increased or
decreased additionally by binding of
activator or repressor proteins to enhancer /
silencer sequences which can be located far
away from the promoter of the gene they
are regulating.
Transcription factors, activators and
repressors bind DNA in a sequence specific
fashion. This is achieved by chemical
interactions (mostly hydrogen bonds)
between the amino acids of the protein and
the bases of the DNA molecule.
Questions
3. Looking at the diagram of transcription in eukaryotes and using the information provided, how could the
expression of lactase RNA be turned on and off by transcription factors, activators and repressors?
4. Would the relative position where a transcription factor or an activator/repressor binds DNA be the same across
different individuals? Explain why or why not.
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