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- Cell and Molecular Biology Subject: 1. Explain how the actions of the lac operon are different from the trp operon. 2. Why is it important for a multicellular organism to be able to turn on only some of its genes in any particular tissue or cell type?Read aloud V Draw Highlight 2. You are studying the regulation of the lactose operon in Escherichia coli, by measuring expression of the lacZ gene (i.e production of beta-galactosidase). (a) You identify several loss-of-function mutations in which lacZ is never expressed, in the presence and absence of glucose and lactose. What components of the lac operon could be mutated to produce this phenotype? List all possibilities. (b) You identify another loss-of-function mutation with the following expression pattern: Media + glucose - lactose + glucose +lactose - glucose - lactose - glucose + lactose lacZ expression Low Low High High What components of the lac operon could be mutated to produce this phenotype? List all possibilities.Answer as Directed. Below is the model of a lac operon. lac I lac Z с promoter operator +1 lac Y lac A DNA 1. In the absence of lactose and the presence of glucose in the bacterial growth media, what proteins are bound to the lac control region? Is the operon being transcribed then? 2. In the presence of lactose and the presence of glucose in the bacterial growth media, what proteins are bound to the lac regulatory region? Is the operon being transcribed then? 3. In the presence of lactose and the absence of glucose in the bacterial growth media, what proteins are bound to the lac control region? 4. Why is it adaptive for a bacterium to not express the genes that encode for that lactose utilization proteins when lactose is not available or when glucose is present? 5. Why is it adaptive for the structural genes for using lactose to be under the control of a single promoter, i.e., synthesize a polycistronic message rather than three monocistronic message?
- Answer as Directed. Below is the model of a lac operon. lac I lac Z с promoter operator lac Y lac A DNA +1 1. What are structural genes? Are the lac structural genes transcribed in the absence of lactose? 2. What is the role of the promoter and operator sites in the operon? 3. Is the repressor protein bound to the operator site in the absence of lactose? In its absence? 4. Under what nutritional circumstances (high or low glucose) is CAP bound to cAMP? 5. In the absence of lactose and the presence of glucose in the bacterial growth media, what proteins are bound to the lac control region? Is the operon being transcribed then? 6. In the presence of lactose and the presence of glucose in the bacterial growth media, what proteins are bound to the lac regulatory region? Is the operon being transcribed then? 7. In the presence of lactose and the absence of glucose in the bacterial growth media, what proteins are bound to the lac control region? 8. Why is it adaptive for a bacterium to not…Choose correct option and do explain plz. 1. The protein complex that helps RNA polymerase to cross nucleosomes during extension is:a. SWI-SNFb. poly A polymerasac. TFIISd. FACT 2. The polydenylation is carried out by:a. primaseb. polymers poly ac. a reverse transcriptased. adenylyltransferase 3. The lactose operon produces a polycistronic mRNA that includes four genes: Lacl, LacZ, LacY and LacA. True or false?Like the lac operon, the hexose operon is controlled by a separate regulatory protein under the control of its own promoter (see the schematic of the operon below). The hexose regulatory protein is sensitive to fatty acyl CoA levels. When all hexose fuel sources are depleted, the bacteria switch to lipid metabolism and fatty acyl CoA levels increase. This turns expression of the hexose operon off. +1 +1 Regulatory Gene Pregulator Poperon O Hexose Operon Genes regulator promoter operon promoter
- Plz answer ASAP. I will thumb up You are studying the regulation of the lactose operon in Escherichia coli, by measuring expression of the lacZ gene (i.e production of beta-galactosidase).(a) You identify several loss-of-function mutations in which lacZ is never expressed, in the presence and absence of glucose and lactose. What components of the lac operon could be mutated to produce this phenotype? List all possibilities.. Recall that the trp operon has a special leader sequence (trpL) between the operator and the structural genes that offers attenuation as a mechanism for regulation of gene expression. (A) Draw a diagram of a trpL region of the operon when tryptophan is abundant in the cell.Label the following features: the DNA, 5’ and 3’ polarity of the RNA, the regions 1, 2, 3,and 4 and poly-U of the RNA, the pair of Trp codons (UGG), the ribosome, and RNA-Pol,along with any stem-loop structure that would form under these conditions (B) In the above example, will the rest of the trp operon genes be expressed? Briefly describe your reasoning why or why not (C) The trp codons in region 1 of the trpL gene have mutated to cysteines (UGG to UGC). What will be the effect on attenuation gene regulation of the trp operon? Brieflyexplain your reasoning.1. Complete the following table based on your lac operon simulations. Absence of lactose Presence of lactose B-galactosidase permease B-galactosidase permease I*P*O*Z*Y* Mututed ISP+O*ZY* I'P*O°Z*Y* I*P*O°ZY
- You decide to work on mutant strain 2. You introduce a wild-type operon into these mutant bacteria - i.e. an operons with fully functional regulatory and operon genes - to see if you can restore function. 5. When you add ethanol to these modified bacteria, the expression of genes C and D would be ( Select] 6. When you remove the ethanol, the expression of genes C and D would be ( Select )amount of protein / amount of mRNA 12 mm / ↑ A B time (minutes) 20 Bacteria were grown in culture. At various time points, substances were added or removed from the culture medium. To assay the effects of the substances on operon gene expression, samples of bacteria were collected at one-minute intervals and levels of specific proteins and mRNAs were determined. If the operon under investigation is a repressible operon, which arrow indicates the addition of a molecule that binds the repressor protein?OO HUAWEI nova 2 Plus DUAL CAMERA Clear my choice lac operon is regulated by some nutrients in which: Select one: O a. Fructose induce lac operator O b. IPTG induces lac operon. O c. Glucose induces lac operon. O d. Trp induces lac operon. O e. Galactose inhibits lac operon. One of the following methods is not a genetic transformation method