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- Goswami disagrees with the Darwinian concept of canalized behavior. What are his main criticisms of the inheritance of acquired characteristics? (Select all that apply) Choose at least one answer. L a. The Darwinian evolutionary process is very fast and can manifest in a few generations. b. The availability of prolonged environmental stress to produce canalization over an entire species population is unlikely. c. There is no evidence that learned behavior is passed down to descendants.In Biology of Beauty, Cowley found that contemporaryfemales are attracted to males with broad foreheads and strong chins, and that this effect persisted across different cultures. How did Cowley explain this result? A. This is a trick question- this attraction is culturally relative B. Males compete for access to females by developing these features as a form of male-male competition C. There is no evidence that females really are differentially attracted to males with these features D. Attraction to males with these features is adaptive for females because males with these traits are usually sexually mature and have healthy immune systems E. Only some human cultures value these traits as attractive.According to Hamilton’s rule,(A) natural selection does not favor altruistic behavior thatcauses the death of the altruist.(B) natural selection favors altruistic acts when the resultingbenefit to the recipient, corrected for relatedness, exceedsthe cost to the altruist.(C) natural selection is more likely to favor altruistic behaviorthat benefits an offspring than altruistic behavior thatbenefits a sibling.(D) the effects of kin selection are larger than the effects ofdirect natural selection on individuals.
- The good genes model of sexual selection is a popular hypothesis for mate choice. What is an underlying flaw with the hypothesis that must be explained?Ecology regarding sexual selection: In zebra finch females prefer males who have a larger yellow cheek patch. Researchers investigating this preference think that females must benefit from choosing males with large cheek patches. Provide three hypotheses regarding the direct, or indirect benefits, she might receive. why do females have a greater disadvantage compared to males concerning sexual reproduction? How has this difference between the sex shape sexual selection in general? Choose one form of communication and explain how it is used by competing sex is attracting a mate. 
- Intrasexual selection involves competition among one sex (typically males) for mating access to the other sex. Intersexual selection involves mate choice in which individuals from one sex (typically females) choose their mates from among individuals of the other sex. Imagine a group of males that is engaged in agonistic behavior, from which Male A emerges triumphant. Now imagine a female that is assessing all of the males that were involved in the fights, and chooses Male A. Explain why this situation shows how intrasexual and intersexual selection pressures are likely both at play in the trait selection.You do not need the text from the image so font size does not matter. Please consider the figure, which contains data that were collected by Rice In the experiments that were performed by Ricei. males competed intensely for females, which resulted in selection for traits like 'high likelihood to remate with the same female' and 'high proportion among fertilised eggs fathered.'ii. only males experienced intense competition; females were obtained from a control population, in which no competition for mates was occurring, effectively fixing female responses.iii. males that were selected for success in mating competition were characterised by greater fitness.iv. when females were prevented from evolving compensatory life history traits, they incurred at least one cost for the benefits gained by males in increased reproductive success: greater female mortality (attributed to toxicity in male seminal fluid).v. once established, enhanced male traits were irreversible. Question 4…What behavioral trait(s) prevents interbreeding between different finch species?
- Sexual selection occurs whena. one sex has a higher fitness than the otherb. a species exhibits sexual dimorphismc. there is a male dominance hierarchy and only the alpha male reproduces. d. There is monogamous mating.e. A trait is favored by one sex such that individuals of the opposite sex possessing that trait have an increased likelihood of reproducing.A male cardinal's red color is an example of a trait affected by natural selection. The females of the species choose mates based on the vibrant colors of the males' feathers. If females begin using different criteria than feather color when they choose mates, what would most likely happen to the color of the male cardinals over time? O increased variation in the shades of red because there is no advantage in one specific color increased variation in the shades of red because the cardinals try different ways to impress the females decreased variation in the shades of red over time because no form of the trait is advantageous decreased variation in the shades of red after a single generationCourtship rituals are thought to have come about througha. intrasexual selection.b. agonistic behavior.c. intersexual selection.d. kin selection.