a. A person ingests an ion-channel inhibitor, such that the ion channels present in the Loop of Henle are only able to pump at half their normal rate? b. What would this person notice about changes to their physiological filtration? (Answer a and b)
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a. A person ingests an ion-channel inhibitor, such that the ion channels present in the Loop of Henle are only able to pump at half their normal rate? b. What would this person notice about changes to their physiological filtration?
(Answer a and b)
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- Given: The liver and kidneys both extract molecules from the blood. a. How do their routes of excretion differ? (answer a)Which is the correct answer for kidney from the following statement(s)? Local production of prostaglandin in kidney protects kidney from ischemic injury. a. Sympathetic stimulation has no effect on afferent and efferent arterioles so that kidney is protected from undergoing ischemia. b. Kidney is vulnerable to ischemic injury. C. d. NSAID inhibits production of angiotensin I. Only (a) and (c) are CORRECT e.a pt has hyperthyroidism and his Na+/K+ ATpase pumps are working slower. Will this effect the transport of Na+? A. There will be a reduction in Na+ transport on the basolateral side of the tubule epithelial cell. B. there will be a reduction in Na+ transport in bowmans capsule epithelial cells C. there will be no change to Na+ transport D. there will be a reduction in ATP-dependent, Na+transport on the apical side of the tubule epithelial cells E. there will be a reduction of Na+ secretion on both sides of the tubule epithelial cells
- All of the following are true about glucose recovery from the tubule fluid, except (choose the incorrect statement): A. All filtered glucose is released in the PCT unless plasma glucose abnormally high B. It is reabsorbed by coupling with Na+ recovery via a sodium glucose cotransporter C. Glucose recovery is made possible by low intracellular Na+ concentrations created by the NaK pump D. The CD recovers any glucose that is not reabsorbed by the PCT nephron loop and DCT this is not and will not be gradedExtracellular fluids have relatively? A. high sodium and low potassium levels. B .high sodium and high potassium levels. C. higher concentrations of potassium, magnesium, phosphate, and D. sulfate ions. E. low sodium and low potassium levels. F. low sodium and high potassium levels.a. What is the major site of absorption of waterand electrolytes?b. Which substances are absorbed primarily byactive transport and which are absorbed byosmosis?c. Explain why tissue damage hinders activetransport.
- Which of the following would NOT occur with increased plasma potassium during intense exercise? a.increased resting membrane potential b.decreased calcium release from the SR c.decreased height of the t-tubular action potential d.a delay in the inactivation of the sodium channels Explain why you chose the answer and why other options are wrongPressure sensing by the kidneys is a better surrogate for: A. Heart rate B. Stroke volume C. Cardiac output D. Differences in water concentration between the intracellular and extracellular compartmentsDraw a schematic diagram showing the flow of water and salts in the proximal tubule of the kidney. In this diagram, put the lumen on the left side of the diagram and the extracellular fluids on the right side of the diagram. Indicate where the lumen is, where the extracellular fluid is, where the apical portion of the cell is, and show the location of the proteins that are responsible for the movement of water and salts and glucose reabsorption in this area of the kidney
- 2+ Inhibition of this activity leads to the increased uptake of Ca by the distal tubule in the kidney? Answers A - E A Sodium-potassium ATPase (Na+/K+-ATPase) B Sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter (NKC) C Mineralocorticoid receptor D Vasopressin receptor E Sodium-chloride cotransport (NCC)Which of the following is TRUE about glucose reabsorption in the kidney? a.If an individual does not have diabetes mellitus, 100% of filtered glucose is reabsorbed at the proximal convoluted tubule. b.If an individual has diabetes mellitus, filtered glucose will be present in all the renal tubule. c.Glucose reabsorption along the proximal convoluted tubule uses the sodium glucose secondary active transporter and it is independent of insulin. d.All of the above e.None of the above asapExplain how the capacity (function) of the sodium potassium pumps found in the ascending loop of Henle enable the establishment of the medullary concentration gradient.