(a) The distance to a star is approximately 7.80 1018 m. If this star were to burn out today, in how many years would we see it disappear? years (b) How long does it take for sunlight to reach Saturn?
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(a) The distance to a star is approximately 7.80 1018 m. If this star were to burn out today, in how many years would we see it disappear?
years
(b) How long does it take for sunlight to reach Saturn?
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- Consider the attached light curve for a transiting planet observed by the Kepler mission. If the host star is identical to the sun, what is the radius of this planet? Give your answer in terms of the radius of Jupiter. Brightness of Star Residual Flux 0.99 0.98 0.97 0.006 0.002 0.000 -8-881 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 Time (days) → 0.02 0.04 0.06Jupiter radiates more energy than it receives from the Sun by 8.7 x10-10 LO. Jupiter's radius is 7.1 x109 cm and its mass is 1.9 x1030 g. Compute its dynamical and thermal timescales. (b) Can we assume that Jupiter is in hydrostatic equilibrium? (c) Could gravitational contraction have powered Jupiter's luminosity for its entire 4.5 Gyr lifetime? (d) Use conservation of energy to estimate the rate at which Jupiter's radius is shrinking to power this radiation. You may ignore the factor of order unity that arises from Jupiter's unknown density distribution.3.6 A spacecraft is approaching Venus with V = 10 km/s and b = 10,000 km. What will be the periapsis radius at Venus? Solution: 7266 km.
- Considering that Earth experiences an average intensity of sunlight of 1330 W/m? and is at a distance from the Sun of 1.0 AU = 150 million km, and considering that that the apparent magnitude of the Sun as seen from Earth is m = -26.7, (a) then how far from the Sun would a distant Kuiper- belt world need to be in order for the apparent magnitude of the Sun to be m = -11.0 as seen on that world? Give your answer in AU. (b) What would be the orbital period of this world? Give your answer in Earth years.The nearest star to our sun is Proxima Centauri, at a distance of 4.3 light-years from the Sun. A light-year is the distance that light travels in one year (365 days). How far away, in kilometers, is Proxima Centauri from the Sun?Express your answer using two significant figures.The gravitational collapse time for the Sun is a constraint on the timescale for the formation of the Solar System: Using the mass of the Sun and a 6.67 X10-11 in S.I. units (m, kg, sec) as the value for G, calculate the gravitational collapse time in millions of years for the mass of the Sun in a nebula with radius 4 light years. Recall that: ????????=√R^3/GM
- A certain binary system consists of two stars that have equal masses and revolve in circular orbits around a fixed point half-way between them. If the orbital velocity of each star is v=186 km/s and the orbital period of each is 11.3 days, calculate the mass M of each star. Give your answer in units of the solar mass, 1.99×1030 kg (e.g. if each planet's mass is 3.98×1030 kg, you would answer "2.00").= 2000 K and a radius of R, A young recently formed planet has a surface temperature T Jupiter radii (where Jupiter's radius is 7 x 107 m). Calculate the luminosity of the planet and 2 determine the ratio of the planet's luminosity to that of the Sun.H5. A star with mass 1.05 M has a luminosity of 4.49 × 1026 W and effective temperature of 5700 K. It dims to 4.42 × 1026 W every 1.39 Earth days due to a transiting exoplanet. The duration of the transit reveals that the exoplanet orbits at a distance of 0.0617 AU. Based on this information, calculate the radius of the planet (expressed in Jupiter radii) and the minimum inclination of its orbit to our line of sight. Follow up observations of the star in part reveal that a spectral feature with a rest wavelength of 656 nm is redshifted by 1.41×10−3 nm with the same period as the observed transit. Assuming a circular orbit what can be inferred about the planet’s mass (expressed in Jupiter masses)?
- Suppose we find an Earth-like planet around one of our nearest stellar neighbors, Alpha Centauri (located only 4.4 light-years away). If we launched a "generation ship" at a constant speed of 1500.00 km/s from Earth with a group of people whose descendants will explore and colonize this planet, how many years before the generation ship reached Alpha Centauri? (Note there are 9.46 ××1012 km in a light-year and 31.6 million seconds in a year.Gusts of the solar wind travel as fast as 1000 km/s. How many days would the solar wind take to reach Earth at this speed? (Note: The average distance to the Sun is 1.496 ✕ 108 km.)The brightness of a "young" star sometimes increases and decreases as a result of regional areas of "hot" and "cold" on the star's surface as well as variations in the density of the star's planet-forming debris, which can obstruct light. Suppose that for a particular star, the average magnitude (measure of brightness) is 4.3 with a variation of ±0.31 (on the magnitude scale, brighter objects have a smaller magnitude than dimmer objects). Furthermore, the magnitude of a star is initially observed to be 4.61, and the time between minimum brightness and maximum brightness is 6.4 days. Write a simple harmonic motion model to describe the magnitude Mof the star for day t.
