a-) The compare and swap() instruction can be used to design lock-free data structures such as stacks, queues, and lists. The program example shown in Figure 6.18 presents a possible solution to a lock-free stack using CAS instructions, where the stack is represented as a linked list of Node elements with top representing the top of the stack. Is this implementation free from race conditions? b-) Describe how the signal() operation associated with monitors differs from the corresponding operation defined for semaphores. typedef struct node {value_t data;struct node *next;} Node;Node *top; // top of stackvoid push(value_t item) {Node *old node;Node *new_node;new node = malloc(sizeof (Node));new node->data = item;do {old node = top;new node->next = old_node;while (compare and swap (top,old node,new node) != old node);}value_t pop() {Node *old node;Node *new_node;do {old node = top;if (old node == NULL)return NULL;new node = old node->next;while (compare_and_swap(top,old_node, new_node) != old_node);return old node->data;}Figure 6.18 Lock-free stack for Exercise 6.15.

The signal() operations associated with monitors is not persistent in the following sense: if a…

Answered: a-) The compare and swap() instruction…

Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach (7th Edition)

7th Edition

ISBN:9780133594140

Author:James Kurose, Keith Ross

Publisher:James Kurose, Keith Ross

Chapter1: Computer Networks And The Internet

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem R1RQ: What is the difference between a host and an end system? List several different types of end...

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a-) The compare and swap() instruction can be used to design lock-free data structures such as stacks, queues, and lists. The program example shown in Figure 6.18 presents a possible solution to a lock-free stack using CAS instructions, where the stack is represented as a linked list of Node elements with top representing the top of the stack. Is this implementation free from race conditions?

b-) Describe how the signal() operation associated with monitors differs from the corresponding operation defined for semaphores.