A sample of lake water at 25°C has a hardness of 25 mg/L and [Mg2+] = 1.0 × 104 M. Which of the following statements is true? OA [Ca2+] is 1.5 x 104 M. B. [Ca2+] is 2.0 × 10-4 M. OC. [Ca2+] is 1.8 × 104 M OD. [Ca2+] is 2.5 × 10-4 M. Show work of all options
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- You need 300. mL of 0.500-M K2Cr2O7. Which method is best to prepare this solution? Explain your choice. (a) Dilute 250. mL of 0.600-M K2Cr2O7 to 300. mL. (b) Add 50.0 mL water to 250. mL of 0.250-M K2Cr2O7. (c) Dilute 125 mL of 1.00-M K2Cr2O7 to 300. mL. (d) Add 30.0 mL of 1.50-M K2Cr2O7 to 270. mL of water.: Determine the lime and soda ash dose, in mg/L as CaO and Na2CO3, to soften the following water to a final hardness of 80.00 mg/L as CaCO3. The ion concentrations reported below are all as CaCO3. Assume lime is 94 percent pure and soda ash is 93 percent pure. Ca2+ = 155.0; Mg2+ = 62.0; HCO3- = 136.0; CO2 = 12.0Determine the exact hardness in units of mg/L as CaCO3. Ba2+ contributes to hardness as well.
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- 10. Some of the reported chemical concentrations of water at the pH 7.3 are the 35 mg/L, [CI= 0.8 mg/L, [SO42] following: [Na*] = 65 mg/L, [Mg²*] = 19 mg/L, [Ca2*] 14.3 mg/L. What is the total hardness of water in mg/L CACO3? %3D %3D %3D OA. 78 mg/L as CaCO3 O B. 87 mg/L as CACO3 OC. 156 mg/L as CACO3 OD. 165 mg/L as CaCO3Assume that a water sample tested has 150 mg/L total hardness. The Mg hardness is 50 mg/L,Ca hardness is 100 mg/L, and bicarbonate alkalinity is 30 mg/L (all concentrations are mg/L as CaCO3). Calculate how much lime and soda ash you would need to add to get the hardness below 50 mg/L.A water contains 180 mg/l Ca, 75 mg/I Mg, 160 mg/l HCO3', and 150 mg/l CO2, all expressed as CaCO3. Assume that water is to be softened to a final Ca-hardness of 60 mg/l as CaCO3, and a final Mg- hardness of 30 mg/l as CaCO3. Also, assume that the excess lime equals 1 meq/l. MW Ca 40 Mg 24 HCO3 61 CO2 44 CaCO3 100 Calculate the required amount of lime (in mg/l): Calculate the required amount of lime (in mg/l):
- Name: Date: Section: Prelaboratory Assignment: Determination of the Hardness of Water 1. A 0.512 g sample of CaCO, is dissolved in 12 M HCl and the mixture is diluted to 250 mL. a) How many moles of CaCO, are used? moles b) What is the [Ca²*] in the 250 mL solution? b) How many moles of Ca²* are in a 25 mL sample of the 250 mL solution? molesA sample of water contains 4 mg/L of Ca2+, calculate the hardness in mg/L as CaCO3How much of the preservative is needed to prepare a 120-mL preparation of Aluminum hydroxide gel based on this formulation? Ammonium alum 800 g Sodium carbonate 1000g Peppermint Oil 0.01% (0.01 g/100mL) Sodium benzoate 0.1% (0.1 g/100mL) Purified water, qs ad.2000 mL a. 0.12 g b. 60 g c. 48 g d. 0.012 g