a female with low blood pressure, with systolic pressures averaging about 80 mm Hg, and diastolic pressures about 40 mm Hg is always tired, and is very low energy and poor concentration heart rates, stroke volumes, cardiac output and heart size are all normal. List 5 possible causes of low blood pressure that these data eliminate
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a female with low blood pressure, with systolic pressures averaging about 80 mm Hg, and diastolic pressures about 40 mm Hg is always tired, and is very low energy and poor concentration heart rates, stroke volumes, cardiac output and heart size are all normal. List 5 possible causes of low blood pressure that these data eliminate?
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- Critically ill patients in a cardiovascular intensive care unit must be intensely monitored for any number of conditions. One of these conditions is hypoperfusion, which is an overall decrease in blood flow throughout the body. Low stroke volume is one indicator of hypoperfusion. The pressure-volume (PV) graph below shows three possible loops for the heart. The control loop shows a healthy heart while the other two loops show reduced or increased preload (assuming that afterload and contractility remain fixed). 200 LV Pressure (mmHg) 100 Preload Control ↑ Preload 100 LV Volume (ml) (a) What is the stroke volume for the control patient? RK '15 200 (b) A healthy heart rate (HR) is measured as 80 beats per minute. What is the control patient's cardiac output CO? Control patient's CO: mL minWhat is caused by an accumulation of blood in the pericardial space that results in impaired systemic venous return, impaired ventricular filling, and reduced cardiac output? Massive pulmonary embolism Tension pneumothorax Cardiac tamponade Ductal-dependent congenital heart lesions The first energy dose recommended for synchronized cardioversion for unstable SVT or VT with a pulse that causes cardiovascular instability is: 0.1 to 0.5 Joules per kg 0.5 to 1 Joules per kg 3 to 5 Joules per kg 1 to 2 Joules per kg Any organized electrical activity observed on an ECG or cardiac monitor in a individual with no palpable pulse is referred to as: Ventricular tachycardia without pulses Asystole Ventricular fibrillation PEA (pulseless electrical activity)A 43-year-old woman has congestive heart failure after a myocardial infarction. Before the myocardial infarction, she had a cardiac output of 5 L/min and a right atrial pressure of 0 mm Hg at rest. The solid curve in the graph shows the relationship between right atrial pressure and cardiac output in a normal heart. Which of the following lettered points best represents the change in this relationship after the development of congestive heart failure?
- ASY Blood Pressure and Age A research group developed the following mathematical model relating systolic blood pressure and age: P(x) = a + bln(æ + 1), where P(x) is pressure, measured in millimeters of mercury, and x is age in years. By examining Guilford County hospital records, they estimate the values for Guilford County to be a = 40 and b=24. Using this model, estimate the rate of change of pressure with respect to time after 14 years. Round to the nearest hundredth (2 decimal places). millimeters per year ch X4 F12 F9 F10 F11 F5 F6 F7 F8 &A 20-year-old marathon runner is seen by his physician for a fitness check prior to a race. On examination, his pulse is 50 beats per minute, blood pressure is 110/70 mmHg, respiratory rate is 12 breaths per minute. On cardiac auscultation, a low-pitched sound is heard in early diastole. Which of the following is the most likely interpretation of these clinical findings? Answers A-E A Hypotension B Valvular heart disease C Cardiomegaly D Normal findings E Pericarditis O OPlease use the word bank below (Terms can be used more than once, or not used at all): Pressure volume lower higher preload afterload The contraction and relaxation of heart chambers results in blood movement because fluids flow from high to low If there is a fixed amount of liquid in a sealed chamber and the of that chamber is decreased (such as in contraction), the pressure in that chamber will increase. The blood will only move if the pressure in the next chamber is than the pressure in the current chamber. Pressure can be reduced in a chamber by relaxing its walls and increasing its Following this logic, hypertension limits blood flow out of the ventricles because the high requires the ventricles to raise their own pressure to extreme levels in order for blood to leave and enter the arteries.
- Some diabetics develop abnormal ECGS before they show obvious symptoms of heart disease. For diabetics, a long QT interval is a very strong predictor of future cardiovascular disease. What phase of the cardiac cycle occurs during QT interval? Ventricular systole Ventricular diastole Atrial systoleon The below graph shows changes in several cardiovascular parameters as the result of increased intensity of exercise in a population of untrained individuals. What commonly measured cardiovascular parameters might the curves labeled A, B, and C represent? What are the corresponding units for the y-axis of each measure? For your reference, the two labeled curves represent the Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure (PCWP) and the Central Venous Pressure (CVP), both of which are measured in mmHg. 200 Right sided cardiac pressures (mmHg) 175 150- A 125 100 75 50 30 20 10 - 0 20 40 60 80 Exercise intensity (% of maximum workload) A B - C PCWP CVP 100 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 30 20 10 B C 1 Hour, 29 Minutes, 18 SecondsThe below graph shows changes in several cardiovascular parameters as the result of increased intensity of exercise in a population of untrained individuals. What commonly measured cardiovascular parameters might the curves labeled A, B, and C represent? What are the corresponding units for the y-axis of each measure? For your reference, the two labeled curves represent the Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure (PCWP) and the Central Venous Pressure (CVP), both of which are measured in mmHg.
- Write the summary of cardiovascular changes during mild upright exercise like jogging?A patient with newly diagnosed essential hypertension starts treatment with a commonly used antihypertensive drug at a dose that is considered to be therapeutic for the vast majority of patients. Soon after starting therapy the patient experiences crushing chest discomfort. ECG changes show myocardial ischemia. Studies in the cardiac catheterization lab show episodes of coronary vasospasm, and it is likely the antihypertensive drug provoke the vasospasm. Which antihypertensive drug most likely caused the ischemia and the angina? Atenolol Diltiazem Hydrochlorothiazide LozartanHemodynamics are the dynamics of blood flow. Can the Bernoulli's equation be used to study hemodynamics in the cardiovascular system? Why or why not? You should discuss all four of the assumptions of Bernoulli's equation when answering this question. Jugular vein (also subclavian vein from arms) Pulmonary artery Superior vena cava Interior vena cava Hepatic vein Liver Hepatic portal vein Renal vein Iliac vein CO₂ CO₂ Head and arms Lungs Heart Kidneys Trunk and legs Carotid artery (also subclavian artery to arms) Pulmonary vein Aorta Hepatic artery Mesenteric arteries Digestive tract Renal artery Iliac artery