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- True or False: [ ] Routing decision is always required for every packet of a message at each node in packet switched network. [ ] In OSI model data link layer provides for the reliable transfer of information across the physical link; sends blocks (frames) with the necessary synchronization, error control, and flow control [ ] Because the boundaries between layer are well defined change in standard in one layer effect already existing software in another layer; this makes it difficult to introduce new standarda) Discuss the different types of socket calls used in TCP &UDP. b) EXPLAIN in detail why fragmentation is considered a harmful method to be used in internet protocols. c) Discuss Connection establishment and connection release in transmission protocol with diagrammatic illustrations.3. Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach 8th Edition For TCP connection, five measured ?ampleRTT values are 98 ms, 112 ms, 134 ms,92 ms, and 115 ms. The estimatedRTT and the devRTT just before the five measurements are 100 ms and 5 ms, respectively. Using ? = 0.125 and ? = 0.25, compute the revisions to estimatedRTT, devRTT, and TCP RTO (retransmit timeout) value after each of these samples is obtained. If a timeout occurred after the five measurements, what is the new RTO value?
- (a) In a generic router architecture, what major components are there? (b) Which components will an incoming datagram go through to get forwarded? (c) How does the roundabout analogy given in the textbook correlate to the internals of a router? (d) How do you relate the four types of nodal delays introduced in Chapter 1 to the forwarding process of a router?dont dont post existing one strict warning skip if not known A new architecture, with N layers, is proposed. User application at the top layer generates a message of M bytes. At each layer, an H bytes header is added. The second layer of that architecture also adds T bytes trailer. In this architecture, the message M is not divided into smaller packets at any layer. • What is the size of the final message (in bytes) transferred by the lower layer? • If we consider the headers and trailers to be an overhead, what is the percentage of such overhead to the total size of the final message?Computer Networks - Internet Architecture & Application Layer Please answer the question Someone suggested to use a local file called hosts.txt on each machine instead of DNS. Discuss the advantages (at least 2) and disadvantages (at least 2) of such suggestion. What is ‘saw-tooth’ behavior in TCP, and what is causing it?
- Mcq In flow control, the transmission window is set to -avoid congestion in routers’ buffer -avoid congestion in the destination’s buffer -reduce the transmission time Explain why?1. Build a Router network which has three Generic Routers and totally of Six networks in it. From each Router the required switch shall be connected through Fast Ethernet port and the switch is connected to two users. On the whole there are '6' networks in the configuration. Along with the network diagram do the packet transfer in simulation mode and write results for three different combinations.A- Demonstrate static and dynamic NAT (PAT). B- Define OSPF terms using the internal router, DR, BDR, ABR, and ASBR. C- Which VTP mode allows ylan creation, editing, and removal? D- Identify the three VTP modes and static and dynamic VLANs. E- Demonstrates loopback interface configuration.
- Design an implementable routing and bridging solution for the network. Ensurethat the solution must address the following design and operation aspects of allrouters:A. The functionality of the network layer.B. Design and implementation of the data plane.C. Design and implementation of the control plane.D. Interconnection of networks using bridging systems1. A protocol uses hierarchical slotted TDM techniques for various levels of networks. For the purpose of this question, assume header/trailer overhead to be zero, use the different DLC frame sizes as given. In this question we consider only DLC frames. At the level of Local Area Networks (LANS) containing each individual computer, the links operate at 10 Mbps and the frames (L-frames) are each 1500 bytes long. The LANs link to Metropolitan Area Networks (MANS) which use 15000 byte M-frames that are made by multiplexing 10 L-frames, one each from 10 different LANs. Every ten of these MANS feed into a Regional Area Network (RAN) that uses 1 Gbps links and uses a R- frame, and ten RANS feed into a Wide Area Network (WAN) using a W-frame, which is 32 times the size of an R-frame. (a) The transmission time of a bit or group of bits is sometimes referred to as their "width" on the line. What is the width of an L-frame on a LAN link? (b) How wide is an L-frame (as embedded inside larger…Assignment 5: Both TCP and UDP are widely used IP transfer layer protocols. For applications requiring reliable transfers, TCP is generally preferred, while applications that value throughput more than reliability are best served using UDP. Most TCP/IP stacks provide both protocols, so the application can use whichever transfer protocol is more appropriate, even changing from one to the other as desired. Rather than rely solely on TCP, the network system developer might want to investigate the trade-offs related to use of UDP. Based upon the analysis list out why Some TCP/IP Applications Use UDP?