1 Matter And Measurements 2 Atoms, Molecules, And Ions 3 Mass Relations In Chemistry; Stoichiometry 4 Reactions In Aqueous Solution 5 Gases 6 Electronic Structure And The Periodic Table 7 Covalent Bonding 8 Thermochemistry 9 Liquids And Solids 10 Solutions 11 Rate Of Reaction 12 Gaseous Chemical Equilibrium 13 Acids And Bases 14 Equilibria In Acid-base Solutions 15 Complex Ion And Precipitation Equilibria 16 Spontaneity Of Reaction 17 Electrochemistry 18 Nuclear Reactions 19 Complex Ions 20 Chemistry Of The Metals 21 Chemistry Of The Nonmetals 22 Organic Chemistry 23 Organic Polymers, Natural And Synthetic Chapter8: Thermochemistry
Chapter Questions Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1QAP: Principles of Heat Flow Titanium is a metal used in jet engines. Its specific heat is 0.523 J/g C.... Problem 2QAP Problem 3QAP: Copper is used in building the integrated circuits, chips, and printed circuit boards for computers.... Problem 4QAP: Mercury was once used in thermometers and barometers. When 46.9 J of heat are absorbed by 100.0 g of... Problem 5QAP: The specific heat of aluminum is 0.902J/gC. How much heat is absorbed by an aluminum pie tin with a... Problem 6QAP: Chromium has a specific heat of 0.450J/gC. How much heat is absorbed by 35.0 g of chromium if the... Problem 7QAP: Magnesium sulfate is often used in first-aid hot packs, giving off heat when dissolved in water. A... Problem 8QAP: Sodium chloride is added in cooking to enhance the flavor of food. When 10.00 g of NaCl are... Problem 9QAP: When 375 mL of water (d=1.00g/mL) at 32C are mixed with 125 mL of water at 92C , what is the final... Problem 10QAP: How many mL of water at 10C (2 significant figures) must be added to 75 mL of water at 35C to obtain... Problem 11QAP: When one mol of KOH is neutralized by sulfuric acid, q=56 kJ. (This is called the heat of... Problem 12QAP: The heat of neutralization, Hneut, can be defined as the amount of heat released (or absorbed), q,... Problem 13QAP: Fructose is a sugar commonly found in fruit. A sample of fructose, C6H12O6, weighing 4.50 g is... Problem 14QAP: In earlier times, ethyl ether was commonly used as an anesthetic. It is, however, highly flammable.... Problem 15QAP: Isooctane is a primary component of gasoline and gives gasoline its octane rating. Burning 1.00 mL... Problem 16QAP: Ethyl alcohol, C2H5OH, is the intoxicating agent in liquor. Burning 1.00 g of ethyl alcohol in an... Problem 17QAP: Acetic acid, HC2H3O2, is responsible for the sour taste of vinegar. Combustion of acetic acid gives... Problem 18QAP: Acetylene, C2H2, is used in welding torches. It releases a lot of energy when burned in oxygen. The... Problem 19QAP: Salicylic acid, C7H6O3, is one of the starting materials in the manufacture of aspirin. When 1.00 g... Problem 20QAP: Methanol (CH3OH) is also known as wood alcohol and can be used as a fuel. When one mole of methanol... Problem 21QAP: Nitrogen oxide (NO) has been found to be a key component in many biological processes. It also can... Problem 22QAP: Small amounts of oxygen gas can be prepared in the laboratory by decomposing potassium chlorate with... Problem 23QAP: In the late eighteenth century Priestley prepared ammonia by reacting HNO3(g) with hydrogen gas. The... Problem 24QAP Problem 25QAP: Strontium metal is responsible for the red color in fireworks. Fireworks manufacturers use strontium... Problem 26QAP: Nitroglycerin, C3H5(NO3)3(l), is an explosive most often used in mine or quarry blasting. It is a... Problem 27QAP: A typical fat in the body is glyceryl trioleate, C57H104O6. When it is metabolized in the body, it... Problem 28QAP: Use the same fat described in Question 27. (a) Write a thermochemical equation for the metabolism of... Problem 29QAP: Which requires the absorption of a greater amount of heat—vaporizing 100.0 g of benzene or boiling... Problem 30QAP: Which evolves more heat—freezing 100.0 g of benzene or 100.0 g of bromine? Problem 31QAP: A student is asked to calculate the amount of heat involved in changing 10.0 g of liquid bromine at... Problem 32QAP: Follow the step-wise process outlined in Problem 31 to calculate the amount of heat involved in... Problem 33QAP: A lead ore, galena, consisting mainly of lead(II) sulfide, is the principal source of lead. To... Problem 34QAP: A reaction used to produce the silicon for semiconductors from sand (SiO2), can be broken up into... Problem 35QAP: Given the following thermochemical equations, C2H2(g)+52... Problem 36QAP: Given the following thermochemical equations: 4B(s)+3O2(g)2B2O3(s)H=2543.8kJ H2(g)+12... Problem 37QAP: Write thermochemical equations for the decomposition of one mole of the following compounds into the... Problem 38QAP: Write thermochemical equations for the formation of one mole of the following compounds from the... Problem 39QAP: Given 2Al2O3(s)4Al(s)+3O2(g)H=3351.4kJ (a) What is the heat of formation of aluminum oxide? (b) What... Problem 40QAP: Given 2Cr2O3(s)4Cr(s)+3O2(g)H=+2269.4kJ (a) What is the heat of formation of chromium(III) oxide?... Problem 41QAP: Limestone, CaCO3, when subjected to a temperature of 900C in a kiln, decomposes to calcium oxide and... Problem 42QAP: When hydrazine reacts with oxygen, nitrogen gas and steam are formed. (a) Write a thermochemical... Problem 43QAP: Use Table 8.3 to obtain AHO for the following thermochemical equations: (a)... Problem 44QAP: Use Table 8.3 to obtain H for the following chemical equations: (a) Zn(s)+2 H+(aq)Zn2+(aq)+H2(g) (b)... Problem 45QAP: Use the appropriate tables to calculate H for (a) the reaction between copper(II) oxide and carbon... Problem 46QAP: Use the appropriate tables to calculate H for (a) the reaction between MgC03(s) and a strong acid to... Problem 47QAP: When one mole of nitroglycerine, C3H5(NO3)3(l) decomposes, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and... Problem 48QAP: When one mole of calcium carbonate reacts with ammonia, solid calcium cyanamide, CaCN2, and liquid... Problem 49QAP: Chlorine trifluoride is a toxic, intensely reactive gas. It was used in World War II to make... Problem 50QAP: When one mole of ethylene gas, C2H4, reacts with fluorine gas, hydrogen fluoride and carbon... Problem 51QAP: Glucose, C6H12O6(s), (H f =1275.2kJ/mol) is converted to ethyl alcohol, C2H5OH(l), and carbon... Problem 52QAP: When ammonia reacts with dinitrogen oxide gas (H f =82.05kJ/mol), liquid water and nitrogen gas are... Problem 53QAP: How many kJ are equal to 3.27 L atm of work? Problem 54QAP: How many L atm are equal to 12.2 kJ of work? Problem 55QAP: Find (a) E when a gas absorbs 18 J of heat and has 13 J of work done on it. (b) q when 72 J of work... Problem 56QAP: Calculate (a) q when a system does 54 J of work and its energy decreases by 72 J. (b) E for a gas... Problem 57QAP: Consider the following reaction in a vessel with a movable piston. R(g)+T(g)X(g)As the reaction... Problem 58QAP: Consider the following reaction in the vessel described in Question 57. A(g)+B(g)C(s)For this... Problem 59QAP: Determine the difference between H and E at 25C for 2CO(g)+O2(g)2CO2(g) Problem 60QAP: For the vaporization of one mole of bromine at 59C, determine (a) H (Table 8.2) (b) PV(c) E Problem 61QAP: Consider the combustion of propane, C3H8, the fuel that is commonly used in portable gas barbeque... Problem 62QAP: Consider the combustion of one mole of methyl alcohol, CH3OH(l), which yields carbon dioxide gas and... Problem 63QAP: Butane gas, C4H10, is sold to campers as bottled fuel. Its density at 25C and 1.00 atm is 2.38 g/L.... Problem 64QAP: The BTU (British thermal unit) is the unit of energy most commonly used in the United States. One... Problem 65QAP: Natural gas companies in the United States use the therm as a unit of energy. One therm is 1105 BTU.... Problem 66QAP Problem 67QAP: Given the following reactions, N2H4(l)+O2(g)N2(g)+2H2O(g)H=534.2kJ H2(g)+12 O2(g)H2O(g)H=241.8kJ... Problem 68QAP: In World War II, the Germans made use of otherwise unusable airplane parts by grinding them up into... Problem 69QAP Problem 70QAP: Consider the reaction between methane and oxygen producing carbon dioxide and water. Suppose that... Problem 71QAP: Consider burning ethane gas, C2H6 in oxygen (combustion) forming CO2 and water. (a) How much energy... Problem 72QAP: On complete combustion at constant pressure, a 1.00-L sample of a gaseous mixture at 0C and 1.00 atm... Problem 73QAP: Microwave ovens convert radiation to energy. A microwave oven uses radiation with a wavelength of... Problem 74QAP: In 2010, 3.30109 gallons of gasoline were consumed in the United States. The following assumptions... Problem 75QAP: Some solar-heated homes use large beds of rocks to store heat. (a) How much heat is absorbed by... Problem 76QAP: Consider a solution prepared by dissolving 10.00 g of NaOH in 1.00 L of water. (a) When the solid... Problem 77QAP: Draw a cylinder with a movable piston containing six molecules of a liquid. A pressure of 1 atm is... Problem 78QAP: Redraw the cylinder in Question 77 after work has been done on the system. Problem 79QAP: Which statement(s) is/are true about bond enthalpy? (a) The bond energy for a triple bond between A... Problem 80QAP: Equal masses of liquid A, initially at 100C, and liquid B, initially at 50C, are combined in an... Problem 81QAP: Determine whether the statements given below are true or false. Consider an endothermic process... Problem 82QAP: An exothermic reaction is carried out in a coffee-cup calorimeter. Which of the following statements... Problem 83QAP: Determine whether the statements given below are true or false. Consider enthalpy (H). (a) It is a... Problem 84QAP: Microwave ovens emit microwave radiation that is absorbed by water. The absorbed radiation is... Problem 85QAP: On a hot day, you take a six-pack ot a on a pcmc, cooling it with ice. Each empty (aluminum) can... Problem 86QAP Problem 87QAP: The thermite reaction was once used to weld rails: 2Al(s)+Fe2O3(s)Al2O3(s)+2Fe(s)(a) Using heat of... Problem 88QAP: A sample of sucrose, C12H22O11, is contaminated by sodium chloride. When the contaminated sample is... Problem 89QAP: A wad of steel wool (specific heat=0.45J/gC) at 25C is misplaced in a microwave oven, which later is... Problem 90QAP: Consider a metal ion A2+ and its nitrate salt, In an experiment, 35.00 mL of a 0.217 M solution of... Problem 50QAP: When one mole of ethylene gas, C2H4, reacts with fluorine gas, hydrogen fluoride and carbon...
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Demonstrate that this chemical reaction is balanced
Transcribed Image Text: A combustion reaction of a hydrocarbon is defined as the reaction of the compound into carbon
dioxide and water.
1
1
CmHn (g) + (m +zn)02(g)
- m CO2(g) +n Hz0 (1)
— т СО2(g) +
4
Definition Definition Transformation of a chemical species into another chemical species. A chemical reaction consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new ones by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
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