A classic example of how fallacious statistical thinking can creep in. It is the 1960s, and you are trying to replicate some findings and support the hypothesis that smoking and cancer are related. From the local region you take a sample of 100 people and ask each whether they have cancer and whether they are smokers are not. The data are as follows. At alpha .05, is the occurence of cancer equal among smokers and non- smokers? Cancer No Cancer Smoker 15 15 Non-Smoker 15

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