A 1 mm diameter spherical thermocouple bead (Cp = 400 J/kg K, p=7800 kg/m³) is required to respond to 99.5% change of the surrounding air temperature in 10 milliseconds. What is the heat transfer coefficient between the thermocouple and the air?
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- 3.9 The heat transfer coefficients for the flow of 26.6°C air over a sphere of 1.25 cm in diameter are measured by observing the temperature-time history of a copper ball the same dimension. The temperature of the copper ball was measured by two thermocouples, one located in the center and the other near the surface. The two thermocouples registered, within the accuracy of the recording instruments, the same temperature at any given instant. In one test run, the initial temperature of the ball was 66°C, and the temperature decreased by 7°C in 1.15 min. Calculate the heat transfer coefficient for this case.3.10 A spherical shell satellite (3-m-OD, 1.25-cm-thick stainless steel walls) re-enters the atmosphere from outer space. If its original temperature is 38°C, the effective average temperature of the atmosphere is 1093°C, and the effective heat transfer coefficient is , estimate the temperature of the shell after reentry, assuming the time of reentry is 10 min and the interior of the shell is evacuated.A short cylinder having an initial temperature of 40 C is suddenly exposed to a convection boundary of 300 W/m².K. Use the data given below to find the tem- peratures of points A, B, C, and D. Data: k = 26 W/m-K, c, = 0.349 kJ/kg-K, p= 8,666 lbm/m'. [Ans.: Ta %3D 176 С, Тв %3D 184 С, Тс %3D 186.5 С, Т) 3D 180 C]. %3D 16 сm 6cm- B ----- -- C h T,
- A composite plane wall consisting of materials, 1.5-in steel (k = 312 BTU-in/HR.ft2.0F) and 2-in aluminum (k = 1400 BTU-in/HR.ft2.0F), separates a hot gas at Ti = 2000F, hi = 2 BTU/HR.ft2.0F, from cold gas at To = 80 deg F, ho = 5. If the hot fluid is on the aluminum side, find: a) Transmittance, U; b) The heat through 100 sq. ft of the surface under steady state condition and c) The interface temperature at the junction of the metals.The interior of a refrigerator whose dimensions are 0.05 x 0.05 dam base area and 1.25 m high, must be kept at 4 °C. The refrigerator walls are constructed of two steel sheets (k= 35 kcal/h.m.°C) 3 mm thick, with 65 mm of material insulation (k=0.213 kcal/h.m.°C) between them. The film coefficient of the inner surface is 10 kcal/h.m².°C, while on the external surface it varies from 8 to 12.5 kcal/h.m².°C. Calculate: a) The power (in HP) of the refrigerator motor so that the heat flux removed from the inside the refrigerator maintain the specified temperature, in a kitchen whose temperature can vary from 21 to 36 °C; b) The temperatures of the inner and outer surfaces of the wall. Given 1 HP = 641.2 Kcal/h3. A food product with 80% moisture content in a 7 cm diameter can wants to be frozen. The density of the product is 1000 kg / m³, the thermal conductivity is 1.0 W / (m K), and the initial freezing temperature is -2 ° C. After 11 hours in the freezing medium -30 ° C, the product temperature becomes -10 ° C. Estimate the convection heat transfer coefficient of the freezing medium. Assume the can as an infinite cylinder. h = Answer W / (m² K).
- A J- type thermocouple is used to measure the temperature in a heating process. The length of the bare material is 120mm and thickness is 1.5mm. Find the time constant of the bare material. уре of Thermo-Material K ( Q W/m- (kg/m3) k) IS |(J/Kg- oc) couple J Iron- Constantan 46 8535 345 K Kromel- Alumel 35 8738 380 IT Copper- Constantan 160 8902 316 Cromel - Contantan 33 8825 336 Nicrocil- Nisil 34 8702 376 Pt(30%)Rhodium - 19 15718 56 Pt(6%)Rhodium Platinum(13%)Rodium, 55 16628 99 - Platinum Platinum(10%)Rodium 52.9 16745 99 Platinum Time constant of the bare material is, T=19 mm diameter steel balls are quenched by heating to 989 K followed by slow cooling to 400 K in an environment with air at T∞ = 325 K and h = 39 W/m2.K. Assuming that the steel properties are k = 40 W/m.K, ρ = 7800 kg/m3 and C = 600 J/kg.K, estimate the time (in "minutes") required for the cooling process. Bolas de aço com 19 mm de diâmetro são temperadas pelo aquecimento a 989 K seguido pelo resfriamento lento até 400 K em um ambiente com ar a T∞ = 325 K e h = 39 W/m2.K. Admitindo que as propriedades do aço sejam k = 40 W/m.K, ρ = 7800 kg/m3 e C = 600 J/kg.K, estime o tempo (em "minutos") necessário para o processo de resfriamento.A food product with 80% water content in a 10 cm diameter can be frozen. Mass of the product type is 1000 kg / m³, thermal conductivity is 1.0 w / (m k), and the frozen early temperature is -1.75 ° C.After 15 hours in the freezing medium -25 ° C, the temperature of the product becomes -10 ° C. Estimating the coefficient of moving the heat of the medium freezing convection. Assume cans as an unlimited cylinder. H = Answerw / (m² k).
- Q2/ An aluminum sphere weighting 7kg and initially at a temperature of 533K is suddenly immersed in a fluid at 283K. if heat transfer coefficient between the sphere and fluid is 50W/m?.°C. Take density=2707kg/m3, specific heat=0.9KJ/kg.ºC and thermal conductivity= 204W/m°C. Determine th Bi number and And determine the time required to cool sphere to 263kA sphere which is 12.7 mm in diameter, is at 66 °C before it is inserted into an airstream having a temperature of 27 °C. The surface temperature of the sphere is 55 °C after 69 seconds measured by a thermocouple. This sphere has density 8933 kg/m³, cp = 389 J/kg∙K, k=398 W/m K Assume this sphere can be treated as a lumped system. Find the convective heat transfer coefficient and then calculate Bi number to justify the assumption that this sphere can be treated as a lumped system.QUESTION 2 Copper fins, 2.1 cm long and 2.1 mm in diameter, are attached to a base plate at 75 °C. A fan blows air through and around this fins at 29 °C providing an average convection coefficient of 21 W m-2 K-1. Estimate the heat dissipated through each of these fins, in milliwatt (mW). Assume negligible heat transfer though the tips. The conductivity of copper may be taken to be 400 W m-1 K-1.