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- 1. Researchers looking for fossils of the earliest life forms face many hurdles. For example, few sedimentary rocks date back more than 3 billion years. Recall what you learned about plate tectonics. Explain why so few remaining samples of these early rocks remain. 2. The antibiotic penicillin acts by interfering with the production of new bacterial cell walls. Bacteria exposed to penicillin do not die immediately, but they cannot reproduce. Explain why.Bacteria are similar to archaea in that theya. arose through endosymbiosis.b. are multicellular.c. live in extreme environments.d. are prokaryotes.1. What are architarchs? These are A. fossils that resemble the ruptured coats of cyanobacteria. B. symbiotic combinations of eukaryotic cells. C. the fossilized remains of diatoms. D. the oldest reputed eukaryotic fossils. 2.How did multicellularity probably evolve? * A. When colonies of cells became more and more independent B. By cellular separation within a coenocyte C. All of these three are correct. D. Many times in the Kingdom Protista
- Archaea are distinct from bacteria becausea. some archaea form methane.b. each have different rRNA sequences.c. archaea do not have peptidoglycan cell walls.d. archaea are more closely related to eukaryotes.e. All of these are correct.1. Which of the following is not considered a microorganism?a. archaeonb. bacteriumc. protozoand. mushroom5.Why are cyanobacteria used in agricultural fields for crop improvement? 6.There are different types of bacteria classify them based on following: I.Shapes II.gram stain III.oxygen demand IV.mode of nutrition 7.Which organisms are called primitive and how are they different from the so-called advanced organisms? 8.List the conventions used for writing a scientific name. What is the importance of scientific name? 9.Differentiate between species and taxon 10.Blue green algae have been included under the group Monera and not under Plantae. Why?
- 3. The following simple rules describe how to categorize living organisms into one of five kingdoms- Monera, Protoctista, Plantae, Fungi, Animalia. a) If the organism has no cell nucleus, then it's in the Monera kingdom (more commonly known as bacteria). b) If the organism does not fit into the above category, and it is single celled, then it is in the Protoctista kingdom (molds and algae). c) If the organism does not fit into either of the above categories, and it is photosynthetic, then it's in the Plantae kingdom (plants). d) If the organism does not fit into any of the above categories, and it has a nervous system, then it is in the Animalia kingdom (animals). e) Otherwise, if the organism does not fit into any of the above categories, it is in the Fungi kingdom (fungus). Construct a flowchart that uses this categorization scheme to determine the kingdom for a particular living organism. You may assume information about an organism can be acquired using functions: hasNucleus (0).…1. The key events in life’s history given below: I. First eukaryotes II. Earliest multicellular eukaryotes III. Colonization of land by fungi, plants, and animals IV. Cambrian explosion V. First prokaryotes. Which is the correct sequence of events? a. I, V, IV, II, III b. V, II, I, III, IV c. I, V, II, III, IV d. V, I, II, IV, III 2. Why is PCR useful? a. Because it replicates all the DNA in the cell b. Because it produces a heat-tolerant DNA polymerase c. Because it occurs on an automated device d. Because it can produce large amounts of DNA from small amountsThis group of prokaryotes are not actually closely related but are grouped together because they are all bacillus-shaped and adapted to low oxygen environments. O A. Archaea O B. Firmicutes O C. Cyanobacteria D. CFB bacteria
- 5)Which of the following observations constitutes evidence that mitochondria evolved before chloroplasts? Mitochondria are aerobic. Chloroplasts are photosynthetic. Aerobic bacteria evolved before photosynthetic bacteria (cyanobacteria). Some protists have separately evolved their own plastids (chloroplast-like structures) through endosymbiosis of cyanobacteria, or even through endosymbiosis of photosynthetic protists. All Eukaryotes have mitochondria; only a subset of Eukaryotes have chloroplasts.The endosymbiotic theory explains the:a. origin of the first prokaryotic cells.b. origins of mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotes.c. evolutionary relationship between animals, plants, and fungi.d. method of reproduction in protists.A unicellular organism has a cell wall, a nucleus, chloroplasts, and several flagella. Which classification best matches this organism? O A. prokaryotic eubacteria O B. eukaryotic protist C. prokaryotic archaebacteria O D. eukaryotic plant
