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- Which of the following is true of the molecule below? nucleotide 5' 3′ H₂C H₂C TNHNA O. HN CNH…NG NH O NH O HNU NH O CNHNG OHN nucleoside CH₂ CH₂ a purine pairs with a pyrimidine base the bases are held together by covalent bonds a nucleoside is made of the same components as a nucleotide The bases make up the backbone on the sides of the molecule4.A nucleic acid has 13% of adenine. Determine the composition of guanine , cytosine and thymine 5.What are the forces that stabilizedouble stranded DNA? 6.Provide the structures and functions of three biochemically important disaccharides 7.What arethe structural and functional differences between starch and cellulose3. Choose one of the following structures (a or b) to draw. a) Draw the basic structure of a nucleotide that is found only in RNA. Use 'P' for the phosphate (or try to draw this functional group if you wish). You must correctly draw the sugar/ribose, and include the appropriate nitrogenous base attached at the correct location. OR b) Draw the basic structure of the polysaccharide amylose (starch) - only include 3 monosaccharides within this chain. You do not need to draw the 'C' atoms within the ring, unless you want to. If you wish to leave the hydrogen atoms out that is fine, but make sure to include all functional groups and important bonds.
- 3. Choose one of the following structures (a or b) to draw. a) Draw the basic structure of a nucleotide that is found only in RNA. Use 'P' for the phosphate (or try to draw this functional group if you wish). You must correctly draw the sugar/ribose, and include the appropriate nitrogenous base attached at the correct location. OR b) Draw the basic structure of the polysaccharide amylose (starch) - only include 3 monosaccharides within this chain. You do not need to draw the 'C' atoms within the ring, unless you want to. If you wish to leave the hydrogen atoms out that is fine, but make sure to include all functional groups and important bonds. 4. Illustrate with diagram(s) the process of competitive inhibition. Your labels and a brief description will be enough to summarize the process perfectly.2. Carbohydrates have chemical bonds that are a good source of energy for living things. A monosaccharide is a carbohydrate made by plants when energy from the sun combines water and carbon dioxide. The two other types of carbohydrates formed are disaccharides and polysaccharides. Give examples of each type. a. Disaccharides: b. Polysaccharides:3. Use the 15 molecules illustrated below to answer the following question. Nucleotides consist of a 5-carbon sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base, which 3 images could be linked to form a nucleotide? (LS1-6) * 1. H. CHOH PHOLNHD 4. 6. HN- CH2 H-C-OH CH, HC-OH HO C-H HO-C-H HO OH SH O-P-O HO C-H H-C-OH OH H-C-OH H C-OH 3. H,C CH CH-CH 7. H-C H-C-OH H. C O C-O of CH CH CH CH 9. 0 H. H. 10. H CH CH HO-OH CH CH2 но CH HOOH CH H. H. CH HOO H CH CH 11. 13. NH, CH CH OH CH CH HC CH CNH CH 12. HOCH, o CH OH CH CH OH OH CH 14 15. CHOH CH,OH H. OH OH HO OH OH OH
- 1. Which of the following is true about phosphodiester linkage? a) 3'-phosphate group of one nucleotide unit is joined to the 5'-hydroxyl group of the next nucleotide b) 3'-phosphate group of one nucleotide unit is joined to the 3'-hydroxyl group of the next nucleotide c) 5'-phosphate group of one nucleotide unit is joined to the 3'-hydroxyl group of the next nucleotide d) 5'-phosphate group of one nucleotide unit is joined to the 5'-hydroxyl group of the next nucleotideDraw the structure of the following nucleotide: adenosine 3'-monophosphate or guanosine 2-monophosphateb. What is the difference between the 3' and the 5' ends of a nucleotide chain? C. Do the chains run the same way? d. How are the chains connected? e. Which bases bond to each other? f. What kinds of bonds hold the chain together? 3. What are the main differences between RNA and DNA? 4. Distinguish between the structure of pyrimidines and purines. Explain why adenine bonds only to thymine. 5. Name the five nitrogenous bases in the table below, and put an X in the correct column for each base. Then indicate if the base if found in DNA (D), RNA (R), or both (B) hp
- 17. All nucleotides have the same organization, a phosphate group attached to a pentose (a 5 C sugar), and a nitrogenous base attached to the pentose as well. The polynucleotides (DNA & RNA) carry information in: a) the native conformation b) the backbone of the molecule c) the linear sequence of nitrogenous bases from beginà end d) the ribofusion3. Below is the structure of a nucleotide triphosphate. ATP R-O- R-O R-O- OIP O P -O O OP ADP OIPIO b. a. Label each phosphate group as a, ß, or y in boxes provided below each phosphate group. Put an "X" under all products you would expect from nucleophilic attack at the y phosphate group by a generic alcohol (R-OH). fofo O H R-O O. H Adenosine R-O OH fof O O=P O O H R-O-Adenosine H OH OIPIO NH₂ O-AMP AMP N O=0 O-Adenosine1.) What type of nucleic acid does this complex occur? 2.) How many 3',5'-Phosphodiester linkages were formed? from the complex of the given structure? Give ONLY the NUMBER of the linkages. 3.) Name the second complementary base from the 5' direction.
