6. Emtriva acts as a nucleoside analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI). Here is a drawing of Emtriva. A nucleoside is a molecule with a sugar and a base. A nucleotide is a molecule with a sugar, a base, and phosphate group(s). Scientists do not draw every atom and bond because they assume you know that there is a carbon (C) at every intersection of the lines that has no atom indicated, like at the 2' position in the molecule below. Also, we hate to write out all of the hydrogens. Count the number of bonds expected for each atom in the structure; if the number of bonds drawn is less than expected, that means that there is actually a hydrogen bonded there. A. Draw on the molecule below to indicate the C and H atoms and bonds not shown. 12 19 32 (Hints: ¹2C ¹60 ¹4. S',H) 6 НО. 16 S N NH₂ N F B. Emtriva is called a "chain terminator" because it can be incorporated in a nucleic acid chain but it terminates the chain by blocking addition of any additional nucleotides. Circle the part of Emtriva in Question that would block polymerization.

6. Emtriva acts as a nucleoside analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI). Here is a drawing of Emtriva. A nucleoside is a molecule with a sugar and a base. A nucleotide is a molecule with a sugar, a base, and phosphate group(s). Scientists do not draw every atom and bond because they assume you know that there is a carbon (C) at every intersection of the lines that has no atom indicated, like at the 2' position in the molecule below. Also, we hate to write out all of the hydrogens. Count the number of bonds expected for each atom in the structure; if the number of bonds drawn is less than expected, that means that there is actually a hydrogen bonded there. A. Draw on the molecule below to indicate the C and H atoms and bonds not shown. 12 19 32 (Hints: ¹2C ¹60 ¹4. S',H) 6 НО. 16 S N NH₂ N F B. Emtriva is called a "chain terminator" because it can be incorporated in a nucleic acid chain but it terminates the chain by blocking addition of any additional nucleotides. Circle the part of Emtriva in Question that would block polymerization.

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter8: The Structure, Replication, And Chromosomal Organization Of Dna

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 15QP: Using Figures 8.7 and 8.9 as a guide, draw a dinucleotide composed of C and A. Next to this, draw...

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10.) Draw a double-stranded DNA molecule (using different colors for each) model should clearly represent the sequence: A G T A C C G G G C A A Note: It should include items to represent - sugar molecules - phosphate molecules - 4 distinct nitrogenous base molecules (Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine) - two types of bonds between these molecules
Consider normal B-form DNA. It forms a regular antiparallel double-helical structure with Watson-Crick base-pairing mediated through hydrogen bonding. The base pairs all stack upon one another, with 3.4 Å spacing between them. DNA strands having a complementary sequence will spontaneously form a double-helix in an aqueous solution. In terms of energy, what primarily drives helix formation? O Positive Entropy from base stacking van der Waals interactions O Hoogsteen interactions Positive Enthalpy from Hydrogen Bonding between GC and AT pairs Negative Enthalpy from Hydrogen Bonding between GC and AT pairs O Negative Entropy from base stacking
17. Mutation can be caused by the alternative base pairing that arise due to tautomerization and deamination of cysteine and adenine. Draw the alternative base pairing. The thymine dimers can be formed by UV radiation. Alternate base pairing with enol tautomer of T Alternate base pair with deaminated A Thymine dimers due to UV radn (draw structure below) repaired by the enzyme Methylated cytosine and adenine in mismatch repair
In the DNA structure, a purine molecule always binds with a pyrimidine molecule. How would you expect the structure to differ if Adenine forms base pairing with Guanine and Cytosine forms base pairing with Thymidine? Instead of A-T, G-C; can it be A-G, C-T? Justify your answer within five sentences
32. The molecule above is called HO 08-0 OH OH and it can be found in A) 3'-deoxyribose-5'-phosphate; RNA B) 2'-deoxyribose-5'-phosphate; RNA 3'-deoxyribose-5'-phosphate; DNA D) 2'-deoxyribose-5'-phosphate; DNA 33. The chromosomes we typically con in im OH
3. On the diagram below... Using green dashed lines, draw in the hydrogen bonds on the right figure. Using the same color, circle the location of the H-bonds on the left figure. - Using a red pen, circle where the molecules have a negative charge on the right figure. Using the same color, color the area with the negative charge in the left figure. - Is this DNA or RNA? Explain two ways that you know. Clearly label the 5' and 3' ends so that you know which is which! This skill is VERY important. C A A CO G >0.34 nm 3.4 nm HO- HO-P-O O=PIO O=D HO-P-O OH H H O O N- N N N N H H N-H N N H-N H-N H Z-H N FN N 5-1=0 OH O-P-OH O O O-P-OH O -OH
The following is diagram of a generalized tetranucleotide. Carbons exist at corners on the shapes and phosphate groups are filled circles. A. Is this a DNA or an RNA Molecule? B. Where is the 3’ end of this tetranucleotide? C. Given that the DNA strand which served as a template for the synthesis of this tetranucleotide was composed of the bases 5’-ACAG-3’, where are the expected bases?
13. a. Draw in the corresponding DNA nucleotide that would base pair with the adenine nucleotide shown below using the same level of detail as provided in the image below. Hint: Remember that DNA bases pair in the antiparallel orientation. орасна you A OH H b. How do you know the adenine nucleotide drawn above is from DNA and not RNA?
21. The difference between a nucleoside and nucleotide is: Group of answer choices 1. A nucleoside consists of the sugar with a nitrogenous base, whereas a nucleotide has a sugar with a nitrogenous base and phosphate groups attached to the sugar. 2. Nucleotides contain deoxyribose sugar and nucleosides contain ribose sugar 3. Nucleotides are involved in eukaryotic DNA replication, while nucleosides are used in bacterial DNA replication 4. A nucleotide consists of the sugar with a nitrogenous base, whereas a nucleoside has a sugar with a nitrogenous base and phosphate groups attached to the sugar.
Describe the d=features of the following DNA-binding domains and how they interact with DNA. Helix-turn-Helix Zinc Finger Leucine Zipper Helix-loop-Helix
1. Label the drawing at the right with the terms nucleotide, base pairing rules, and double helix. Write each term and draw a line that connects the term to the appropriate part of the drawing. AX P 010101010 80 Р PDP TCXA D. D C GXC P 0 CXG P P D A ICXA D P G D D CXG D TCXA DL D TCXA 0101010 D CXG P AXT D P P P P D 0 D P P P GCD LON A
Draw the chemical structure of a dinucleotide composed of A and G. Opposite this structure, draw the dinucleotide composed of T and C in an antiparallel (or upside-down) fashion. Form the possible hydrogen bonds.