4. What are the genotypes of the pea plants that would have to be bred to yield one plant with restricted pods for every three plants with inflated pods?
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- 6. In certain plant species such as tomatoes and petunias, a highly polymorphic incompatibility gene Swith more than 100 known alleles prevents self-fertilization and promotes outbreeding. In this form ofincompatibility, a plant cannot accept sperm carrying an allele identical to either of its own incompatibility alleles. If, for example, pollen carryingsperm with allele S1of the incompatibility genelands onto the stigma (a female organ) of a plantthat also carries the S1allele, the sperm cannot fertilize any eggs in that plant. (This phenomenonoccurs because the pollen grain on the stigma cannotgrow a pollen tube to allow the sperm to unite withthe egg.)For the following crosses, indicate whether anyprogeny would be produced, and if so, list all possiblegenotypes of these progeny. a. ♂ S1S2× ♀ S1S2b. ♂ S1S2× ♀ S2S3c. ♂ S1S2× ♀ S3S4d. Explain how this mechanism of incompatibilitywould prevent plant self-fertilization.4. Albinism is lethal in plants, but many plants produce albino offspring. If albino plants C always die before reproducing, how does albinism persist? Migh ne 5. Mendel crossed pea plants producing round seeds with those producing wrinkled seeds. Of 7,324 F2 seeds, 5,464 were round, and 1,860 were wrinkled. Using the symbols W and w for the alleles, (a) symbolize the original P₁ cross; Slover don pet (b) determine the parental gametes; 69 (c) show the F₁ offspring; (d) show a cross between two F₁ plants; dong berbella" 10. Jogolų ar preu 39 woy Your Mirb & ever ascohes berloste di ritod 8 201 artW.20 meylo evit bins tight pdchse sent sitt 10 euogysomod Ceadolise borbeis blirib o svad Jism adoles Parl (e) symbolize the F₁ gametes; and, odb seit (f) summarize the expected F2 results for phenotypes, genotypes and phenotype ratios. mun 100 3161 16 gr nation ritiw nam A (6) His neblinks Sylimstedt phow yd showenis uby sloy 6 or be 160 (0) endonce 100 to eno elouosis na (b) wari hot…5. Flower color is determined by the pathway below. You a crossing a true-breeding white-flowered plant thatcannot produce gene A and a true-breeding white-flowered plant that cannot produce gene B.Gene A Gene BWhite White Purplea. What are the genotypes of the P-generation?b. What are the genotypes and phenotypes of the F1 generation?c. What are the genotypes and phenotypes of the F2 generation? What is the phenotypic ratio?(Purple:White)
- 5. Flower color in snapdragons is inherited in an incompletely dominant manner. Assume that RR = red flowers, Rr = pink flowers, and rr = white flowers. What would be the genotype and phenotype ratios of the offspring of two plants with pink flowers?3. You perform a cross between two true-breedingstrains of zucchini. One has green fruit and the otherhas yellow fruit. The F1 plants are all green, butwhen these are crossed, the F2 plants consist of9 green : 7 yellow.a. Explain this result. What were the genotypes of thetwo parental strains?b. Indicate the phenotypes, with frequencies, of theprogeny of a testcross of the F1 plants.c. Describe the epistasis interactions observed.d. Suppose that the dominant alleles specify functional enzymes, and the recessive alleles are nonfunctional. Propose a biochemical pathway thatcould explain the gene interactions.e. Is it possible to cross two different pure-breedingyellow zucchini strains and obtain all green progeny? What would be the genotypes of the parentsand progeny? f. Assuming that wild-type zucchini are green, howwould you describe the phenomenon that occurredin the F1 of part (e)?4. Barb Wyre, a plant geneticist at the UK Ag Experiment Station, has set up a cross between two tobacco plants - one is heterozygous for three genes, and the other is homozygous recessive for the same three genes. She sows the F1 progeny seeds in the field; unfortunately, a hailstorm destroys some of her plants. Fortunately, she has enough survivors to permit an accurate statistical analysis of the cross, and she proceeds. The adult F1 plants exhibit the following phenotypes: OPS- OPS OpS - OPS - I 2 1 96 Ops OPS 110 op S - 306 ops 63 - - - 73 348 - Construct a map of the three genes.
- 1. Alleles of the gene that determines seed coat patternsin lentils can be organized in a dominance series:marbled > spotted = dotted (codominant alleles) >clear. A lentil plant homozygous for the marbled seedcoat pattern allele was crossed to one homozygous forthe spotted pattern allele. In another cross, a homozygous dotted lentil plant was crossed to one homozygous for clear. An F1 plant from the first cross wasthen mated to an F1 plant from the second cross.a. What phenotypes in what proportions are expectedfrom this mating between the two F1 types?b. What are the expected phenotypes of the F1 plantsfrom the two original parental crosses?8. Three-fourths (3/4) of the plants produced by 2 unknown parents have axial flowers and one-fourth (1/4) have terminal flowers. What are the genotypes of the parents? Show how you got your answer on the Punnett Square below. and one douard SS SS SS S3. If the trait follows Mendelian rules whats may be involved in the vould be the phenotypic ratios of the mine if the tralt is consisient wtha Htance of komals smooth (R) Parental (P) offspring in the F, generation? Percentage Smooth F, Wrinkled The appearance of the kernel as smooth or wrinkled is determined by the sugar content in the endosperm and is also genetically controlled. Normal field corn, which is used for feeding livestock, is high in amylose starch. The corn we like to eat is high in sugar-yum, sweet F2 ?
- Several alleles affect traits of roses, such as plant form and bud shape. Alleles of one gene govern whether a plant will be a climber (dominant) or shrubby (recessive). All F1 offspring from a cross between a true-breeding climber and a shrubby plant are climbers. If an F1 plant is crossed with a shrubby plant, about 50 percent of the offspring will be shrubby; 50 percent will be climbers. Using symbols A and a for the dominant and recessive alleles, make a Punnett- square diagram of the expected genotypes and phenotypes the cross between the F1 offspring and the shrubby plant.Imagine you are performing a cross involving seed color in garden pea plants. What Fi offspring would you expect if you cross true-breeding parents with green seeds and yellow seeds? Yellow seed color is dominant over green. 100 percent yellow-green seeds 100 percent yellow seeds 50 percent yellow, 50 percent green seeds 25 percent green, 75 percent yellow seedsIn cats, the genotype AA produces tabby fur color; Aa is also a tabby, and aa is black. Another gene at a different locus is epistatic to the gene for fur color. When present in its dominant W form (WW or Ww), this gene blocks the formation of fur color and all the offspring are white; ww individuals develop normal fur color. What fur colors, and in what proportions, would you expect from the cross AaWw Aa Ww?