4 ) Every temperature measuring instrument makes use of specific physical property in order to measure temperature objectively . Which physical properties are used in thermocouple , PT sensors and mercury - in - glass thermometer ? Briefly describe each of this methods
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4 ) Every temperature measuring instrument makes use of specific physical property in order to measure temperature objectively . Which physical properties are used in thermocouple , PT sensors and mercury - in - glass thermometer ? Briefly describe each of this methods.
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- Discussion: 1) discuss the methods of temperature measurement. 2) What is the reference of thermometers calibration tool? 3) What is the meaning of the temperature? What its units? 4) What is the faster method of temperature measurement? 4) Do you have another method or appearance that may be used temperature measurement?7) Give two disadvantages of empirical thermometers. 8) Consider two liquids, A and B. with temperatures Te > TA. The two objects are put into thermal contact for a time period. Without just saying 'heat flows from hot to cold' how would you prove to someone that a quantity of heat flowed from B to A. (think of James Joule's experiments) 9) If the temperature of the sun were to suddenly double, by what multiplicative factor would the thermal radiation change ? Show WorkWhich of the following is FALSE regarding the continuum assumption of fluids? Select one: a. Uncertainties within the molecular properties of the fluid will be neglected b. Limit concepts can be applied on fluids c. Fluids with same composition may have different properties d. The fluid will be analyzed in the macroscopic level Which of the following does NOT describe a difference between liquids and gases? Select one: a. Liquids form a free surface while gases do not b. Liquids have lower bulk modulus of elasticity than gases c. Specific gravities of liquids are higher than gases d. Viscosity of liquids decreases as temperature increases while on gases, viscosity increases with temperature
- RTD calibration How do you determine the error in temperature measurement?8) Consider two liquids, A and B. with temperatures Te > TA. The two objects are put into thermal contact for a time period. Without just saying 'heat flows from hot to cold' how would you prove to someone that a quantity of heat flowed from B to Á. (think of James Joule's experiments) 9) If the temperature of the sun were to suddenly double, by what multiplicative factor would the thermal radiation change ? Show WorkWhich of the following types of thermometershave to be in thermal equilibrium with the object being measured in order to giveaccurate readings? (i) A bimetallic strip; (ii) a resistance thermometer; (iii) a temporal artery thermometer;(iv) both (i) and (ii); (v) all of (i), (ii), and (iii).
- A J-type thermocouple is used to measure the unknown steady-state temperature of a liquid. The sensor outputs a voltage of 2.532 mV. Using Equation 2 and Table 1.2, determine the unknown temperature. Show all calculations and assume the thermocouple is referenced to 0 °C. T = a₁ + a₂V + · ...+ a₂V² a a₁ 0.000 000 1.978 425 x 10-² -2.001 204 x 10¹7 1.036 969 x 10-¹1 -2.549 687 x 10-16 3.585 153 x 10-21 -5.344 285 x 10.26 5.099 890 x 10:³1 Table 1.2 -J-type thermocouple polynomial coefficients over the range of 0°C to 760°C ± 0.04°C 8₂ a3 a4 (2) as as a7A core was mounted in a gas permeameter to measure permeability. Determine the liquid permeability (mD) of the core using gas (in oilfield units). The laboratory data are as follows: Diameter of the core = 3.78 cm Length of the core = 7.63 cm Gas viscosity = 0.0148 cP Flow rate = 9.07 cm3/s P1 = 1.439 atm P2 = 1.086 atmIn measuring the surface tension of a liquid (drop weight method), 20 drops of the liquid (r = 0.2cm) falling apart from the tip whose diameter is 0.4 cm were found to weight 0.95 gram. What is the surface tension of the liquid?
- To maximize production and minimize pumping costs, crude oil is heated to reduce its viscosity during transportation from a production field. (1) Consider a pipe-in-pipe configuration consisting of concentric steel tubes with an intervening insulating material. The inner tube is used to transport warm crude oil through cold ocean water. The inner steel pipe (k, = 45 W/m-K) has an inside diameter of D;, 1 150 mm and wall thickness f; = 20 mm while the outer steel pipe has an inside diameter of D; 2 = 250 mm and wall thickness t, = tị. Determine the maximum allowable crude oil temperature to ensure the polyurethane foam insulation (k, between the two pipes does not exceed its maximum service temperature of Tp. max = 70°C. The ocean water is at T.0 = -5°C and provides an external convection heat transfer coefficient of h. flowing crude oil is h; = 450 W/m²-K. 0.03 W/m-K) 500 W/m2-K. The convection coefficient associated with the (2) It is proposed to enhance the performance of the…3. Microfluidic channels will need to be fabricated on a key micro-scale sensor used by aerospace industries. Before running machining tests and analyzing machined quality, preliminary efforts are needed to evaluate selected materials and factors affecting machining process¹. Three material candidates have been selected, including 422SS (stainless steel), IN718 (nickel alloy), and Ti64 (titanium alloy) with their measured tensile properties and equation of true stress-true strain relationship used listed below. Tref25°C. Specifically, three factors will need to be evaluated, including different materials, temperature, and size effect. Please calculate true stress values for true strain ranging between 0-3 for each case listed below. Material A (MPa) & (S-¹) Tm (°C) 870 0.01 1520 422SS (Peyre et al., 2007) IN718 (Kobayashi et al., 2008) Ti64 (Umbrello, 2008) 980 1 1300 782.7 1E-5 1660 Material 422SS (CINDAS, 2011) IN718 (Davis, 1997) Ti64 (Fukuhara and Sanpei, 1993) 0 = X G (GPa) 1+ B…The objective of this question is to give the missing information about the reading of thermocouple type J. The temperatures are in degrees Celsius. The temperature is 100 degrees and the reference is 50. The reading voltage is (mV) Choose... The temperature is 95 and the reference is zero, so the voltage is (mV) Choose... The reference is 30 and the reading voltage is 8.687 mV, The temperature is Choose... + The temperature is 256 degrees and the reference is 75 degrees. The reading voltage is (mV) Choose... +