37.Given an intracellular concentration of 120mM and an extracellular concentration of 15mM, calculate the Nernst Equilibrium Potential for K+ in mV
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37.Given an intracellular concentration of 120mM and an extracellular concentration of 15mM, calculate the Nernst Equilibrium Potential for K+ in mV
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Given an intracellular concentration of 2mM and an extracellular concentration of 107mM, calculate the Nernst Equilibrium Potential for Cl- in mV
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A cell has an actual membrane potential (Em) at rest of -75mV. The equilibrium potential for Na+ is +120mV and the equilibrium potential for K+ is -95mV. Calculate the net driving force for Na+ in mV.
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- The ion flows across neuronal membranes at rest and duringan action potential do not significantly change bulk ionconcentrations, except for that of Ca2+ ions. Resting Ca2+ ionconcentrations in cells are usually about 10–7 M, and Ca2+ ionsexert physiological effects at concentrations of perhaps 10–5 M.Explain why relative changes of intracellular [Ca2+] are muchgreater than for, say, [Na+] (12–50 mM).Calculate the equilibrium membrane potentials to be expected across a membrane at 37 ∘C, with a NaCl concentration of 0.50M on the "right side" and 0.08 M on the "left side", given the following conditions. In each case, state which side is (+) and which is (−). (a)Membrane permeable only to Na+.Table Q1(a) shows typical values for the intracellular and extracellular concentrations of the major ion species (in millimoles per litre) for frog skeletal muscle. Table Q1(a) Permeability (cm/s) 2 x 10-8 2х 10 Ions Intracellular Extracellular Na* 12 145 K+ 155 4 4 120 4 x 106 By referring to Table Q1(a), compute the equilibrium resting potential for this membrane by assuming the room temperature is 20° C. Given the Boltzman's constant, k = 1.38 x 1023 J/K and an electronic charge, q = 1.602 x 10-19 C.
- Calculate the free energy of transport for the movement of potassium by the sodium/potassium pump under normal physiological conditions: 4 mM serum potassium, 135 mM intracellular potassium, 37.1 °C, and resting potential -82 mV. Express your answer in kJ/mol. Show all work. Calculate the free energy of transport for the movement of potassium by the sodium/potassium pump under disturbed conditions of 2 mM serum potassium. Assume all other parameters remain the same. Express your answer in kJ/mol. Show all work. What factors could limit the continued action of the sodium/potassium pump when only 2 mM potassium is present in the blood plasma? Note that under normal physiological conditions, the cell interior contains 11 mM sodium and the blood contains 140 mM sodium.The normal concentrations for intracellular and extracellular potassium in a neuron are [K+]in = 150 mM and [K+]out = 5 mM, respectively. Due to an electrolyte imbalance, a patient has the following intracellular and extracellular concentrations of potassium: [K+]in = 140 mM and [K+]out =2 mM. Using the Nernst equation (Chapter 4), calculate the equilibrium potential for potassium in the cells with normal K+ distributions and of the diseased patient. Refer back to Question #1. Will it be easier or more difficult to generate an action potential in the diseased neuron as compared to the normal neuron? Why?What is the equilibrium membrane potential due to Na+Na+ ions if the extracellular concentration of Na+Na+ ions is 138 mM138 mM and the intracellular concentration of Na+Na+ ions is 21 mM21 mM at 20 ∘C20 ∘C ?
- Separately, draw a table using arrows to depict the appropriate magnitude and direction of the forces and ion fluxes at different membrane potentials for a ligand-gated channel that is equally permeable to both ion X+ and ion Y+. The equilibrium potential for ion X+ is -60 mV, and the equilibrium potential for ion Y+ is -20 mV. Which item best represents the forces and fluxes for a membrane potential of -40 mV?Separately, draw a table using arrows to depict the appropriate magnitude and direction of the forces and ion fluxes at different membrane potentials for a ligand-gated channel that is equally permeable to both ion X+ and ion Y+. The equilibrium potential for ion X+ is -60 mV, and the equilibrium potential for ion Y+ is -20 mV. Which item best represents the forces and fluxes for a membrane potential of -40 mV (a, b, c, or d)? Upwards arrows means outward direction and downwards arrow means inward direction. The length of the arrow determines the magnitude.If a particular neuron has an intracellular Chloride concentration of 154.3 mM, an extracellular Chloride concentration of 163.2 mM, and a membrane potential of -54.1, what is the net driving force (in mV) acting upon Chloride?
- Compute the free energy change in Joules that occurs at 303 K as the cell is tranitions from resting state to the maximum depolarization potential. ● At resting state, the intracellular potassium and sodium concentrations are 140 mM and 10 mm, respectively. The extracellular sodium and potassium concentrations are 145 mM and 5 mM respectively.Intracellular potentials are on the order of -100mV, whereas extracellular potentials are OmV. Assuming these values, answer the following questions. (a) What is the electric potential energy of a chloride ion (CI-) inside a cell? (b) What about outside the cell? (c) What is the probability of finding a Cl- inside the cell relative to finding it outside the cell? Assume that T=310K. P(inside) P(outside) (d) If the concentration of Cl- outside the cell is 100mM, what is the expected concentration inside the cell?What is the intracellular voltage for Cl- if the intracellular concentration was 5 mM and the extracellular concentration was 130 mM. Write the voltage as a number in mV inside the cell relative to that outside, eg. -72 or + 90. Question 2. What is the intracellular voltage for Ca++ if the intracellular concentration was 0.0008 mM and the extracellular concentration was 0.6 mM. Write the voltage as a number in mV inside the cell relative to that outside, eg. -72 or +90. Round to the nearest milli Volt.