32) The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conclude that A) the entropy of the universe remains constant. B) the total energy of the universe is constant. C) the average temperature of the universe is increasing with the passage of time. D) disorder in the universe is increasing with the passage of time. E) it is theoretically possible to convert heat into work with 100% efficiency.

32) The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conclude that A) the entropy of the universe remains constant. B) the total energy of the universe is constant. C) the average temperature of the universe is increasing with the passage of time. D) disorder in the universe is increasing with the passage of time. E) it is theoretically possible to convert heat into work with 100% efficiency.

Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations and Connections

1st Edition

ISBN:9781133939146

Author:Katz, Debora M.

Publisher:Katz, Debora M.

Chapter19: Temperature, Thermal Expansion And Gas Laws

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 71PQ

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7. Under which of the following conditions would you expect real gases to approach ideal behavior? A) low temperature and low pressure B) high temperature and low pressure C) low temperature and high pressure D) high temperature and high pressure E) high temperature and high density 8. Complete the following statement: The first law of thermodynamics states that A) heat is a form of energy. B) entropy is a function of state. C) the entropy of the universe is increasing. D) the change in the internal energy of a system is given by Q-W. E) no engine can be more efficient than a Carnot engine operating between the same two temperatures.
A system's "entropy" is (a) the amount of work the system can do. (b) the amount of microscopic work the system can do. (c) the amount of force the system could exert. (d) the amount of thermal energy in the system. (e) the amount of microscopic disorganization in the system.
2. As an example of microscopic thermodynamic analysis based on thermal-energy microstates, the figure to the right illustrates two systems (A and B), each containing two indistinguishable particles and possible energy levels from 1 to 8, with a particle residing in a given energy level having the same amount of energy as the level (e.g., a particle in energy-level 4 has 4 units of energy). The combined systems have a fixed total of 12 units of energy. Assuming that energy can be exchanged between the two systems, calculate the difference in entropy between condition #1 where the left-hand side has 8 units of energy and the right-hand side has 4 units of energy compared to condition #2 when the two sides reach their equilibrium condition. Note that the figure just shows one example of a configuration for condition #1. A 8 8 7 7 6 4 4 2 2 1 1
Which of the following statements best describe the second law of thermodynamics? a) The total energy of the universe is a constant b) The efficiency of a heat engine can never be greater than 50 percent c) The entropy of the universe is always increasing d) As the altitude increases, the boiling point of water decreases.
Which of the following statemtents is inconsistent with the second law of thermodynamics? a. The entropy of the universe tends to increase. b. Perpetual motion machines are impossible. c. The arrow of time moves in the forward direction. d. A refrigerator cycle is a spontaneous process. e. Heat spontaneously flows from high temperature to low temperature regions.
34. Which of the following statements is a good representation of the 2nd law of thermodynamics: a. Energy can not be created or destroyed; it can only be converted from one form to another. b. Knowing the total internal energy of a system is not necessary, only the change of it is important in calculations of thermodynamic parameters. c. State variables are those parameters that are independent of the path of the thermodynamic process, and depend only on the current state of the system. d. Natural processes occur in a direction of dispersing the energy. e. In all processes whether natural or otherwise, the total energy is conserved.
Choose the correct statements. a. A system with a larger number of macrostates has a larger entropy. b. Entropy is the number of macrostates in a system. c. Entropy is proportional to the natural logarithm of the number of microstates in a system. d. Entropy is the number of microstates in a system. e. If system A has a larger number of microstates than system B, then the entropy of system A is larger than the entropy of system B. f. Entropy is proportional to the natural logarithm of the number of macrostates in a system.
A thermodynamic process occurs with a heat lost by the system. Does the entropy of the system necessarily decrease? Why or why not? a. Yes. b. No, because there are other mechanisms to change the entropy. c. No, because the Second Law of Thermodynamics forbids the decrease in entropy of a system. d. No, because heat lost means increase in the entropy. e. No, because transfer of heat is not related to the entropy change at all.
A. Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer. 1. Which of the following statements best describes the Second Law of Thermodynamics? A. The internal energy of the universe is constant. B. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed. C. At absolute zero, the entropy of a crystal is considered to be zero. D. When an isolated system undergoes a spontaneous change, the entropy of the system increases. 2. Which of the following represents a spontaneous process? A. ∆S<0 B. ∆S=0 C. ∆G>0 D. ∆G<0 3. Which of the following has the most entropy? A. an empty classroom B. a tennis ball inside a box C. a flock of birds flying in V formation D. a crowd of people on the streets of Santa Rosa City B. Predict whether ∆S is positive or negative for the reaction: N2(g) + O2(g) → 2NO(g) C. Which has greater entropy? 1mole of NaCl(5) or 1 mol of HCl(g)
4. The first law of thermodynamics states that a. components of a system interact. b. entropy of a closed system always increases. c. closed system always shifts toward disorder or homogeneity. d. Energy is always conserved. 5. According to the second law of thermodynamics, the heat received from a high temperature reservoir by a heat engine operating in a complete cycle a. must be completely converted to work. b. equals the entropy increase. C. converted completely into internal energy. d. cannot be completely converted to work.
1. Explain the difference between the first and second law of Thermodynamics. Next, explain how each contributes to the increase/decrease of free energy and entropy.
Which of the following statements is an accurate way to summarize the first law of thermodynamics? A) Cells do not make energy, they transform energy that already exists into different forms. B) Cells don't transform energy, they make new energy to contribute to the entropy in their surroundings. C)The amount of energy in the universe is always increasing. D)Cells don't make entropy, they produce energy. 6.