31. Give appropriate reducing agents to carry out the following reactions: OH g d) zor Eto. Ph. CO₂Me CH₂ CO₂H CO₂H CN ? ? ? EtO. OH anton.com Ph. CH₂ H CO₂H OH H

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Electrolysis

Electrolysis is defined as the process of breaking down ionic compounds into their constituent elements by passing a direct electric current through the compound in a fluid state. The cathode reduces cations, while the anode oxidizes anions. An electrolyte, electrodes, and some form of external power source are the main components required for conducting electrolysis. A partition, such as an ion-exchange membrane or a salt bridge, may also be used, but this is optional. These are primarily used to prevent the products from diffusing near the opposing electrode.