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- 2. Dr. Kim at Research Center performed shotgun Sanger sequencing on an unknown DNA sample, and obtained the following reads (12 reads). Since the length of each read is quite short, Dr. Kim ran the original sample in a gel electrophoresis, and realized that the original DNA is just 50 base pairs long. (Please note that the resolution of gel electrophoresis is not so good. Thus, we cannot figure out the exact length of DNA using gel electrophoresis in the real world.) 2) AGCCG AGATG GCTG 4) CTGCA AGCCG A 1) САСТС ССAGT GTACC T 3) GGAGT CAATC GC 5) GGCTG TGCTT GG 7) GATGG CTGTG 9) CAGTG TACCT GCA 11) TGCAA GCCGA G 6) CTTGG AGTCA ATCGC 8) САСТС ССAG 10) GCTGT GСТTG G 12) TGCTT GGAGT (a) Find the sequence of the original DNA (reconstruction), and align each read with the reconstructed DNA sequence. (hint: put all reads on a ppt slide, and move them around to find overlaps.) (b) Calculate coverage at each nucleotide position of the reconstructed DNA, i.e., how many reads cover that…2. Dr. Kim at Ewha Research Center performed shotgun Sanger sequencing on an unknown DNA sample, and obtained the following reads (12 reads). Since the length of each read is quite short, Dr. Kim ran the original sample in a gel electrophoresis, and realized that the original DNA is just 50 base pairs long. (Please note that the resolution of gel electrophoresis is not so good. Thus, we cannot figure out the exact length of DNA using gel electrophoresis in the real world.) 1) САСТС ССAGT GTACC T 3) GGAGT CAАТC GC 5) GGCTG TGCTT GG 7) GATGG CTGTG 9) CAGTG TACCT GCA 11) TGCAA GCGA G 2) AGCCG AGATG GCTG 4) CTGCA AGCCG A 6) CTTGG AGTCA ATCGC 8) САСТС ССAG 10) GCTGT GCTTG G 12) TGCTT GGAGT (a} Find the sequence of the original DNA (reconstruction), and align each read with the reconstructed DNA sequence. (hint: put all reads on a ppt slide, and move them around to find overlaps.) (b) Calculate coverage at each nucleotide position of the reconstructed DNA, i.e., how many reads cover that…1. Using the gel picture of the DNA ladder, show where your digestion of the paper cutting model showing cut fragments would appear. The linear uncut DNA is 640 base pairs in length. Insert an image below.
- 4. Explain why Maurice Wilkins and Rosalin Franklin needed to use X-rays (instead of visible light) when "taking pictures" of crystalized DNA.3. Using Chargaff's rule of base pairing determine the amount of guanine in 120 bp long fragment of double strand DNA if there are 45 adenines present.16. The process of attaching biological functions to DNA sequences is called?
- 1. Write the complementary base sequence for the matching strand in the following DNA section: -A-G-T-C-C-A-A-T-C–1. Draw a chromosome and a pair of homologs (or homolog pairs, or homologous chromosomes). Label on the chromosome and homologous pair; the centromere and sister chromatids. In each of these drawings explain how many and where are the Watson and Crick double strand DNA molecules.3. Hydrogen bonds are quite weak compared to covalent bonds. Explain why this fact is actually advantageous to DNA in its role as the hereditary material in cells.✓
- 21. highly methylated DNA is active while less methylated DNA is inactive true or false12. You are working with a picce of DNA of the sequence: 5'-TATTGAGCTCCCCGGAT-3 3'-ATAACTCGAGGGGCCTA-5 You cut the above piece of DNA with a restriction enzyme that recognizes the sequence 5'GAGCTC and cuts on the 3' side of the A within this sequence. Please, draw all products that you get after digestion. Label all 5' and 3' ends.1. In the sequence grid below, you will fill in all boxes with end polarity, nucleotide, or amino acid as described below. a. The column to the far left identifies the sequence type. Based on the nucleotides given, fill in the words "template" and "coding" (non-template) for the two DNA strands as soon as you figure out which is which. (hint: look at mRNA) b. In the second and last columns, write the polarity of the ends of each sequence (5', 3', N or C). c. The remaining columns represent transcriptional and translational alignments. Fill in all nucleotides, assuming that the template sequences in the table are read from LEFT to RIGHT d. Using the mRNA codon table provided on the next page, determine the polypeptide sequence. This sequence is from the middle of a coding sequence, therefore you do not need a start sequence. T DNA DNA mRNA codon tRNA anticodon polypeptide DNA DNA mRNA codon tRNA anticodon A C polypeptide GLY A C G e. Repeat steps 1a-1d, but now assume that the template…