3. For each of the following pairs of compounds, which do you think has the greater molar entropy under the same conditions (gases at the same T and P). (If you are unsure of the structures of some of these molecules, look them up in your organic text or use the internet. a. Co CO₂ d. pentane e. ethanol b. H₂O D₂0 neopentane (2,2-dimethylpropane) ethylene oxide c. propane f. butylamine cyclopropane pyrrolidine

3. For each of the following pairs of compounds, which do you think has the greater molar entropy under the same conditions (gases at the same T and P). (If you are unsure of the structures of some of these molecules, look them up in your organic text or use the internet. a. Co CO₂ d. pentane e. ethanol b. H₂O D₂0 neopentane (2,2-dimethylpropane) ethylene oxide c. propane f. butylamine cyclopropane pyrrolidine

Chemistry for Engineering Students

4th Edition

ISBN:9781337398909

Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme

Publisher:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme

Chapter10: Entropy And The Second Law Of Thermodynamics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 10.42PAE

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10.69 If a sample of air were separated into nitrogen and oxygen molecules (ignoring other gases present), what would be the sign of for this process? Explain your answer. The next four questions relate to the following paragraph [Frank L. Lambert, Journal of Chemical Education, 76(10), 1999, 1385]. "The movement of macro objects from one location to another by an external agent involves no change in the objects' physical (thermodynamic) entropy. The agent of movement undergoes a thermodynamic entropy increase in the process."
What is entropy? Why is entropy important?
10.104 (a) When a chemical bond forms, what happens to the entropy of the system? (b) Thermodynamically, what allows any bond formation to occur? (c) What do your answers to parts (a) and (b) suggest must be true about the formation of chemical bonds for the octet rule to hold?
There is another free energy state function, the Helmholtz free energy (A), defined as A = E — TS. Comparing this to the definition of G, we see that internal energy has replaced enthalpy in the definition. Under what conditions would this free energy tell us whether or not a process is spontaneous?
Diethyl ether is a liquid at normal temperature and pressure, and it boils at 35 C. Given that H is 26.0 kJ/mol for the vaporization of diethyl ether, find its molar entropy change for vaporization.
The reaction CO2(g)+H2(g)CO(g)+H2O(g) is not spontaneous at room temperature but becomes spontaneous at a much higher temperature. What can you conclude from this about the signs of H and S , assuming that the enthalpy and entropy changes are not greatly affected by the temperature change? Explain your reasoning.
Human DNA contains almost twice as much information as is needed to code for all the substances produced in the body. Likewise, the digital data sent from Voyager II contained one redundant bit out of every two bits of information. The Hubble space telescope transmits three redundant bits for every bit of information. How is entropy related to the transmission of information? What do you think is accomplished by having so many redundant bits of information in both DNA and the space probes?
A key component in many chemical engineering designs is the separation of mixtures of chemicals. (a) What happens to the entropy of the system when a chemical mixture is separated? (b) Are designs for chemical separation more likely to rely on spontaneous or nonspontaneous processes?
Entropy has been described as times arrow. Interpret this view of entropy.
According to Lambert, leaves lying in the yard and playing cards that are in disarray on a table have not undergone an increase in their thermodynamic entropy. Suggest another reason why leaves and playing cards may not be a good analogy for the entropy of a system containing, for example, only H2O molecules or only O2 molecules.
Through photosynthesis, plants build molecules of sugar containing several carbon atoms from carbon dioxide. In the process, entropy is decreased. The reaction of CO2with formic acid to form oxalic acid provides a simple example of a reaction in which the number of carbon atoms in a compound increases: CO2(aq)+HCOOH(aq)H2C2O4(aq) (a) Calculate the standard entropy change for this reaction and discuss the sign of S . (b) How do plants carry out reactions that increase the number of carbon atoms in a sugar, given the changes in entropy for reactions like this?

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