3. (a)The activity of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway is commonly quantified by measuring14CO2 production from C-14 labeled glucose. In this assay, glucose is metabolized aerobically by cellsor tissue slices; both [1-14C] glucose and [6-14C] glucose are employed separately but in parallel. Thisclassical method, thus, requires two separate assay mixtures. Which radioactive isotopomer of glu-cose releases 14 CO2 generated by the Pentose Phosphate Pathway? Confirm your conclusion bydrawing the intermediates of the oxidative phase of the PPP with structural formulas, starting withglucose-6-phosphate. Name the intermediates and indicate enzymes.(b) (Because the assay protocolrequires aerobic incubation of cells or tis-sue slices with isotopically labeled glucosein parallel assays, what is the purpose ofthe other radioactive glucose derivative?To answer this question base your answerusing the diagram on the right.O + 2 NADHCH₂OH+ 2 NAD+○HOHO+ 2 Pi2CO+ 2 ATPHOOH 2 ADPCH3+ 2 H₂OGlucosePyruvate

To further understand the utilization of [1-14C]glucose and [6-14C]glucose in the test and the…

Answered: 3. (a) The activity of the Pentose…

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter10: From Proteins To Phenotypes

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 9QP: a. Compounds A, B, C, and D are known to be intermediates in the pathway for production of protein...

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. In Figure 6-11,a. in view of the position of HPA oxidase earlier in thepathway compared to that of HA oxidase, would youexpect people with tyrosinosis to show symptoms ofalkaptonuria?b. if a double mutant could be found, would you expecttyrosinosis to be epistatic to alkaptonuria?
2. The pathways for the biosynthesis of the amino acidsglutamine (Gln) and proline (Pro) involve one or morecommon intermediates. Auxotrophic yeast mutantsnumbered 1–7 are isolated that require either glutamine or proline or both amino acids for their growth,as shown in the following table (+ means growth; −no growth). These mutants are also tested for theirability to grow on the intermediates A–E. What is theorder of these intermediates in the glutamine and proline pathways, and at which point in the pathways iseach mutant blocked?Gln +Mutant A B C D E Gln Pro Pro1 + − − − + − + +2 − − − − − − + +3 − − + − − − − +4 − − − − − + − +5 − − + + − − − +6 + − − − − − + +7 − + − − − + − +
1. The Fehling’s reaction, which is a simple assay for reducing sugars, was used as a diagnostic test for the determination of blood glucose concentrations for a very long time. However, it has now been replaced by the glucose oxidase test. The enzyme glucose oxidase isolated from the mold Penicillium notatum catalyzes the oxidation of β-D-glucose to D-glucono-δ-lactone. This enzyme is highly specific for the β-anomer of glucose and does not affect the α-anomer. In spite of this specificity, the reaction catalyzed by glucose oxidase is commonly used in a clinical assay for total blood glucose—that is, for solutions consisting of a mixture of β- and α-D-glucose. Explain how this is possible. Aside from allowing the detection of smaller quantities of glucose, what advantage does glucose oxidase offer over Fehling’s reagent for the determination of blood glucose? 2. Consider only the oxygen levels present in the cytoplasm and ECF as shown in the drawing above (no new oxygen is entering…
Q. You have now carried out the Somogyi Nelson determination of reducing sugars and measured the absorption spectra of Tube 9. What is the optimum wavelength you should use to monitor the Somogyi Nelson Assay why? Table 1._SOMOGYI-NELSON DTERMENATION OF REDUCING SUGARS Tube 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 D-Glucose (160 µg/mL), mL 0 0 0.125 0.125 0.25 0.25 0.375 0.375 0.5 0.5 H2O, mL 0.5 0.5 0.375 0.375 0.25 0.25 0.125 0.125 0 0 D-Galactose (160 µg/mL), mL - - - - - - - - - - D-Arabinose (160 µg/mL), mL - - - - - - - - - - Glucose-Galactose Mixture, mL - - - - - - - - - - Absorbance (710 nm) 0.049 0.051 0.138 0.151 0.271 0.26 0.382 0.395 0.454 0.444 Absorbance - blank 0 0 0.088 0.101 0.221 0.21 0.332 0.345 0.404 0.394 Final [Reducing sugar]…
b. Compounds A, B, C, and D are known to be intermediates in the pathway for production of protein E. To determine where the block in protein-E production occurred in each individual, the various intermediates were given to each individuals cel Is in culture. After a few weeks of growth with the intermediate, the cells were assayed for the production of protein E. The results for each individuals cells are given in the following table. A plus sign means that protein E was produced after the cells were given the intermediate listed at the top of the column. A minus sign means that the cells still could not produce protein E even after being exposed to the intermediate at the top of the column. Denote the point in the pathway in which each individual is blocked.
a. Compounds A, B, C, and D are known to be intermediates in the pathway for production of protein E. To determine where the block in protein-E production occurred in each individual, the various intermediates were given to each individuals cel Is in culture. After a few weeks of growth with the intermediate, the cells were assayed for the production of protein E. The results for each individuals cells are given in the following table. A plus sign means that protein E was produced after the cells were given the intermediate listed at the top of the column. A minus sign means that the cells still could not produce protein E even after being exposed to the intermediate at the top of the column. Draw the pathway leading to the production of protein E.
TPCK and TLCK are irreversible inhibitors of serine proteases. One ofthese inhibits trypsin and the other chymotrypsin. Which is which? Explainyour reasoning. Suggest the effects of each of the following mutations on the physiologicalrole of chymotrypsinogen:(a) R15S(b) C1S(c) T147S
1. Glycosphingolipids function via cis regulation and trans recognition. Explain these terms and provide examples of each.
Why is derivatization (i.e., transesterification) of triglycerides or lipids to fatty acid methyl esters needed for the GC/MS experiment?
what are the molecular way to diagnose Lactose intolerance disorder ? describe in detail about diagnostic phenomena of lactose intolerance and possible treatment.
The enzyme glucose oxidase isolated from the mold Penicillium notatum catalyzes the oxidation of β-Dglucose to D-glucono-δ-lactone. This enzyme is highly specific for the β anomer of glucose and does not affect the α anomer. In spite of this specificity, the reaction catalyzed byglucose oxidase is commonly used in a clinical assay for total blood glucose—that is, for solutions consisting of a mixture of β- and α-D-glucose. What are the circumstances required to make this possible? Aside from allowing the detection of smaller quantities of glucose, what advantage does glucose oxidase offer over Fehling’s reagent for measuring blood glucose?
1. What is the role of pyridoxal phosphate in transaminase determination? 2. What is the clinical significance of elevated AST?

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