College Physics 1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168000
Author: Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs
Publisher: Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs
1 Introduction: The Nature Of Science And Physics 2 Kinematics 3 Two-dimensional Kinematics 4 Dynamics: Force And Newton's Laws Of Motion 5 Further Applications Of Newton's Laws: Friction, Drag, And Elasticity 6 Uniform Circular Motion And Gravitation 7 Work, Energy, And Energy Resources 8 Linear Momentum And Collisions 9 Statics And Torque 10 Rotational Motion And Angular Momentum 11 Fluid Statics 12 Fluid Dynamics And Its Biological And Medical Applications 13 Temperature, Kinetic Theory, And The Gas Laws 14 Heat And Heat Transfer Methods 15 Thermodynamics 16 Oscillatory Motion And Waves 17 Physics Of Hearing 18 Electric Charge And Electric Field 19 Electric Potential And Electric Field 20 Electric Current, Resistance, And Ohm's Law 21 Circuits And Dc Instruments 22 Magnetism 23 Electromagnetic Induction, Ac Circuits, And Electrical Technologies 24 Electromagnetic Waves 25 Geometric Optics 26 Vision And Optical Instruments 27 Wave Optics 28 Special Relativity 29 Introduction To Quantum Physics 30 Atomic Physics 31 Radioactivity And Nuclear Physics 32 Medical Applications Of Nuclear Physics 33 Particle Physics 34 Frontiers Of Physics Chapter29: Introduction To Quantum Physics
Chapter Questions Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1CQ: Give an example of a physical entity that is quantized. State specifically what the entity is and... Problem 2CQ: Give an example of a physical entity that is not quantized, in that it is continuous and may have a... Problem 3CQ: What aspect of the blackbody spectrum forced Planck to propose quantization of energy levels in its... Problem 4CQ: If Planck's constant were large, say 1034 times greater than it is, we would observe macroscopic... Problem 5CQ: Why don't we notice quantization in everyday events? Problem 6CQ: Is visible light the only type of EM radiation that can cause the photoelectric effect? Problem 7CQ: Which aspects of the photoelectric effect cannot be explained without photons? Which can be... Problem 8CQ: Is the photoelectric effect a direct consequence of the wave character of EM radiation or of the... Problem 9CQ: Insulators (nonmetals) have a higher BE than metals, and it is more difficult for photons to eject... Problem 10CQ: If you pick up and shake a piece of metal that has electrons in it free to move as a current, no... Problem 11CQ: Why are UV, x rays, and rays called ionizing radiation? Problem 12CQ: How can treating food with ionizing radiation help keep it from spoiling? UV is not very... Problem 13CQ: Some television tubes are CRTs. They use an approximately 30-kV accelerating potential to send... Problem 14CQ: Tanning salons use "safe" UV with a longer wavelength than some of the UV in sunlight. This "safe"... Problem 15CQ: Your pupils dilate when visible light intensity is reduced. Does wearing sunglasses that lack UV... Problem 16CQ: One could feel heat transfer in the form of infrared radiation from a large nuclear bomb detonated... Problem 17CQ: Can a single microwave photon cause cell damage? Explain. Problem 18CQ: In an the maximum photon energy E given by hf=qV. Would it be technically more correct to say... Problem 19CQ: Which formula may be used for the momentum of all particles, with or without mass? Problem 20CQ: Is there any measurable difference between the momentum of a photon and the momentum of matter? Problem 21CQ: Why don't we feel the momentum of sunlight when we are on the beach? Problem 22CQ: How does the interference of water waves differ from the interference of electrons? How are they... Problem 23CQ: Describe one type of evidence for the wave nature of matter. Problem 24CQ: Describe one type of evidence for the particle nature of EM radiation. Problem 25CQ: What is the Heisenberg uncertainty principle? Does it place limits on what can be known? Problem 26CQ: In what ways are matter and energy related that were not known before the development of relativity... Problem 1PE: A LiBr molecule oscillates with a frequency of 1.701013 Hz. (a) What is the difference in energy in... Problem 2PE: The difference in energy between allowed oscillator states in HBr molecules is 0.330 eV. What is the... Problem 3PE: A physicist is watching a 15-kg orangutan at a zoo swing lazily in a tire at the end of a rope. He... Problem 4PE: What is the longest-wavelength EM radiation that can eject a photoelectron from silver, given that... Problem 5PE: Find the longest-wavelength photon that can eject an electron from potassium, given that the binding... Problem 6PE: What is the binding energy in eV of electrons in magnesium, if the longest-wavelength photon that... Problem 7PE: Calculate the binding energy in eV of electrons in aluminum, if the longest-wavelength photon that... Problem 8PE: What is the maximum kinetic energy in eV of electrons ejected from sodium metal by 450-nm EM... Problem 9PE: UV radiation having a wavelength of 120 nm falls on gold metal, to which electrons are bound by 4.82... Problem 10PE: Violet light of wavelength 400 nm ejects electrons with a maximum kinetic energy of 0.860 eV from... Problem 11PE: UV radiation having a 300-nm wavelength falls on uranium metal, ejecting 0.500-eV electrons. What is... Problem 12PE: What is the wavelength of EM radiation that ejects 2.00-eV electrons from calcium metal, given that... Problem 13PE: Find the wavelength of photons that eject 0.100-eV electrons from potassium, given that the binding... Problem 14PE: What is the maximum velocity of electrons ejected from a material by 80-nm photons, if they are... Problem 15PE: Photoelectrons from a material with a binding energy of 2.71 eV are ejected by 420-nm photons. Once... Problem 16PE: A laser with a power output of 2.00 mW at a wavelength of 400 nm is projected onto calcium metal.... Problem 17PE: (a) Calculate the number of photoelectrons per second ejected from a 1.00-mm2 area of sodium metal... Problem 18PE: Unreasonable Results Red light having a wavelength of 700 nm is projected onto magnesium metal to... Problem 19PE: Unreasonable Results (a) What is the binding energy of electrons to a material from which 4.00-eV... Problem 20PE: What is the energy in joules and eV of a photon in a radio wave from an AM station that has a... Problem 21PE: (a) Find the energy in joules and eV of photons in radio waves from an FM station that has a... Problem 22PE: Calculate the frequency in hertz of a 1.00-MeV -ray photon. Problem 23PE: (a) What is the wavelength of a 1.00-eV photon? (b) Find its frequency in hertz. (c) Identify the... Problem 24PE: Do the unit conversions necessary to show that hc=1240eVnm, as stated in the text. Problem 25PE: Confirm the statement in the text that the range of photon energies for visible light is 1.63 to... Problem 26PE: (a) Calculate the energy in eV of an IP photon of frequency 2.001013 Hz. (b) How many of these... Problem 27PE: Prove that, to three-digit accuracy, h=4.141015eVs, as stated in the text. Problem 28PE: (a) What is the maximum energy in eV of photons produced in a CRT using a 25.0-kV accelerating... Problem 29PE: What is the accelerating voltage of an x-ray tube that produces x rays with a shortest wavelength of... Problem 30PE: (a) What is the ratio of power outputs by two microwave ovens having frequencies of 950 and 2560... Problem 31PE: How many photons per second are emitted by the antenna of a microwave oven, if its power output is... Problem 32PE: Some satellites use nuclear power. (a) If such a satellite emits a 1.00-W flux of rays having an... Problem 33PE: (a) If the power output of a 650-kHz radio station is 50.0 kW, how many photons per second are... Problem 34PE: How many x-ray photons per second are created by an x ray tube that produces a flux of x rays having... Problem 35PE: (a) How far away must you be from a 650-kHz radio station with power 50.0 kW for there to be only... Problem 36PE: Assuming that 10.0% of a 100-W light bulb's energy output is in the visible range (typical for... Problem 37PE: Construct Your Own Problem Consider a laser pen. Construct a problem in which you calculate the... Problem 38PE: (a) Find the momentum of a 4.00-cm-wavelength microwave photon. (b) Discuss why you expect the... Problem 39PE: (a) What is the momentum of a 0.0100-nm-wavelength photon that could detect details of an atom? (b)... Problem 40PE: (a) What is the wavelength of a photon that has a momentum of 5.001029kgm/s ? (b) Find its energy in... Problem 41PE: (a) A -ray photon has a momentum of 8.001021kgm/s. What is its wavelength? (b) Calculate its energy... Problem 42PE: (a) Calculate the momentum of a photon having a wavelength of 2.50 m. (b) Find the velocity of an... Problem 43PE: Repeat the previous problem for a 10.0-nm-wavelength photon. Problem 44PE: (a) Calculate the wavelength of a photon that has the same momentum as a proton moving at 1.00% of... Problem 45PE: (a) Find the momentum of a 100-keV x-ray photon. (b) Find the equivalent velocity of a neutron with... Problem 46PE: Take the ratio of relativistic rest energy, E=mc2, to relativistic momentum, p=mu, and show that in... Problem 47PE: Construct Your Own Problem Consider a space sail such as mentioned in Example 29.5 Construct a... Problem 48PE: Unreasonable Results A car feels a small force due to the light it sends out from its headlights,... Problem 49PE: At what velocity will an electron have a wavelength of 1.00 m? Problem 50PE: What is the wavelength of an electron moving at 3.00% of the speed of light? Problem 51PE: At what velocity does a proton have a 6.00-fm wavelength (about the size of a nucleus)? Assume the... Problem 52PE: What is the velocity of a 0.400-kg billiard ball if its wavelength is 7.50 cm (large enough for it... Problem 53PE: Find the wavelength of a proton moving at 1.00% of the speed of light. Problem 54PE: Experiments are performed with ultra-cold neutrons having velocities as small as 1.00 m/s. (a) What... Problem 55PE: (a) Find the velocity of a neutron that has a 6.00-fm wavelength (about the size of a nucleus).... Problem 56PE: What is the wavelength of an electron accelerated through a 30.0-kV potential, as in a TV tube? Problem 57PE: What is the kinetic energy of an electron in a TEM having a 0.0100-nm wavelength? Problem 58PE: (a) Calculate the velocity of an electron that has a wavelength of 1.00 m. (b) Through what voltage... Problem 59PE: The velocity of a proton emerging from a Van de Graaff accelerator is 25.0% of the speed of light.... Problem 60PE: The kinetic energy of an electron accelerated in an x-ray tube is 100 keV. Assuming it is... Problem 61PE: Unreasonable Results (a) Assuming it is nonrelativistic, calculate the velocity of an electron with... Problem 62PE: (a) If the position of an electron in a membrane is measured to an accuracy of 1.00 m, what is the... Problem 63PE: (a) If the position of a chlorine ion in a membrane is measured to an accuracy of 1.00 m, what is... Problem 64PE: Suppose the velocity of an electron in an atom is known to an accuracy of 2.0103 m/s (reasonably... Problem 65PE: The velocity of a proton in an accelerator is known to an accuracy of 0.250% of the speed of light.... Problem 66PE: A relatively long-lived excited state of an atom has a lifetime of 3.00 ms. What is the minimum... Problem 67PE: (a) The lifetime of a highly unstable nucleus is 10-20. What is the smallest uncertainty in its... Problem 68PE: The decay energy of a short-lived particle has an uncertainty of 1.0 MeV due to its short lifetime.... Problem 69PE: The decay energy of a short-lived nuclear excited state has an uncertainty of 2.0 eV due to its... Problem 70PE: What is the approximate uncertainty in the mass of a muon, as determined from its decay lifetime? Problem 71PE: Derive the approximate form of Heisenberg's uncertainty principle for energy and time, Eth, using... Problem 72PE: Integrated Concepts The 54.0-eV electron in Example 29.7 has a 0.167-nm wavelength. If such... Problem 73PE: Integrated Concepts An electron microscope produces electrons with a 2.00-pm wavelength. If these... Problem 74PE: Integrated Concepts A certain heat lamp emits 200 W of mostly IR radiation averaging 1500 nm in... Problem 75PE: Integrated Concepts On its high power setting, a microwave oven produces 900 W of 2560 MHz... Problem 76PE: Integrated Concepts (a) Calculate the amount of microwave energy in joules needed to raise the... Problem 77PE: Integrated Concepts (a) What is for an electron emerging from the Stanford Linear Accelerator with... Problem 78PE: Integrated Concepts (a) What is for a proton having an energy of 1.00 TeV, produced by the Fermilab... Problem 79PE: Integrated Concepts An electron microscope passes 1.00-pm-wavelength electrons through a circular... Problem 80PE: Integrated Concepts (a) Calculate the velocity of electrons that form the same pattern as 450-nm... Problem 81PE: Integrated Concepts (a) What is the separation between double slits that produces a second-order... Problem 82PE: Integrated Concepts A laser with a power output of 2.00 mW at a wavelength of 400 nm is projected... Problem 83PE: Integrated Concepts One problem with x rays is that they are not sensed. Calculate the temperature... Problem 84PE: Integrated Concepts A 1.00-fm photon has a wavelength short enough to detect some information about... Problem 85PE: Integrated Concepts The momentum of light is exactly reversed when reflected straight back from a... Problem 86PE: Integrated Concepts Sunlight above the Earth's atmosphere has an intensity of 1.30kW/m2. If this is... Problem 3PE: A physicist is watching a 15-kg orangutan at a zoo swing lazily in a tire at the end of a rope. He...
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Concept explainers
Photon Energies and the Electromagnetic Spectrum
Transcribed Image Text: 29.3 Photon Energies and the Electromagnetic Spectrum
lonizing Radiation
A photon is a quantum of EM radiation. Its energy is given by E = hf and is related to the frequency f and wavelength 2 of
the radiation by
E = hf = hC (energy of a photon),
(29.12)
where E is the energy of a single photon and c is the speed of light. When working with small systems, energy in ev is often
useful. Note that Planck's constant in these units is
(29.13)
5 eV •s.
Since many wavelengths are stated in nanometers (nm), it is also useful to know that
h = 4.14x10-15 e
hc = 1240 eV · nm.
(29.14)
These will make many calculations a little easier.
Interaction between an electric field and a magnetic field.
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