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- There is a theory that suggests a patient with COPD might have a depression of ventilation following administration of high fiO2. Which of the following best summarizes the recommendations on how to address this concern? A. Never administer supplemental oxygen to patients with COPD as the risk of them stopping breathing is too great B. Treat acute hypoxemia with oxygen, but wean the oxygen as soon as possible C. Always double filter oxygen being delivered to a patient with COPD to ensure there are no particles that may be breathed in D. Supplement oxygen therapy with medical grade carbon dioxide to maintain dr to breatheWhich of the following is (are) true of oxygen toxicity? I. Free radicals are produced in an abundance, leading to cell damage and death II. Can result in physiologic shunting III. Can be avoided by limiting 02 exposure to < 70% concentration at all times IV. Is marked by an increased in neutrophils and macrophages, common immune responses A. I, II, III B. I, II and IV C. I, II, III and IVFollowing several days at high altitude the body responds to the decreased oxygen content of the atmosphere by increasing the amount of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate it produces. Based on this information and refering to the graph below, identify the correct response from the options. Y (fraction saturation) 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0 20 Oxygen Binding plot 40 60 p02 (torr) 80 100 A) Curve y=high altitude and gives a greater release of oxygen to the tissues B) Curve x = high altitude and gives a greater release of oxygen to the tissues C) Curve y=high altitude and allows more oxygen to be bound at low oxygen levels D) Curve x = high altitude and allows more oxygen to be bound at low levels
- Match the Law/Effect with its definition/description A. Boyle’s Law B. Henry’s Law C. Dalton’s Law D. Haldane Effect E. Bohr Effect 1. The pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume 2. A lower, more acidic pH promotes oxygen dissociation from hemoglobin 3. Hemoglobin saturated with oxygen has a low affinity for carbon dioxide 4. The concentration of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the solubility and partial pressure of that gas 5. The total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the partial pressures of the gases in the mixtureA patient was connected an artificial ventilation device during a surgery on the gastrointestinal tract. 60 minutes after the start of the operation, a gas composition of the blood and pH were examined: - PaCO₂ = 26 mm Hg - pH = 7.5 Questions: 1. Give an opinion on the gas composition of blood and the acid-base state 2. What type of violation of external respiration is developed in the patient? 3. Give a definition of this type of respiratory pathologyindividuals with cystic fibrosis produce thick mucus in the lungs, resulting in a higher-than-normal level of CO2 in the blood. Please provide information on the following steps as it relates to cystic fibrosis. 1. Identify the problem - What is the problem that results from higher-than-normal levels of CO2 in the blood? Please relate this to buffers in the blood and construct a clear problem statement.
- 1. 2. 3. 4. A physician wants to administer an anesthetic agent at a rate of 5 mg/h by IV infusion. The elimination rate constant is 0.2 h¹ and volume of distribution is 20 L. a. How long will it take to reach a drug concentration of 1 µg/ml? b. How long will it take to reach steady state? c. What loading dose should be recommended if the doctor wants the drug concentration to reach 1.25 µg/ml immediately? What is the concentration of a drug 3 hours after administration of a loading dose of 10 mg and the simultaneous infusion of 2 mg/h? The drug has a half-life of 3 h and a volume of distribution of 10 L? A patient was infused for 12 h with a drug (k= 0.4 h¹; Vd= 15L) at a rate of 5 mg/h. What are the concentrations of the drug at 1, 2, 8, 10, 14, and 16 hours since the start of the infusion? Given the following drug concentrations determine k, V₁, CL and half-life for a drug infused at a rate of 200 mg/h for 8 hours. Time(hr) 1 2 4 8 9 10 14 Drug Concentration(mg/L) 27.50 40 48 50…A.) Given a choice of inhaling NO or eating some oxide of N (e.g. nitrites).Which one would you rather prefer? Choose the answer from the following options. a. NOb. Nitritesc. Nitratesd. Neither Explanation pleaseA 60 kg patient is on a continuous IV constant rate infusion of theophylline at 30 mg/h. His steady-state concentration is determined to be 12 mg/L. If you assume the theophylline distribution volume to be 22 L, what would be the patients plasma concentration 4 hours after the continuous infusion stopped? Please select one: 0 a. 6.5 mg/L b. 7.6 mg/L c. 4.8 mg/L d. 8.4 mg/L e. 3.7 mg/L
- A event At 11 p.m., a patient is admitted to the Emergency Department (ED) with a respiratory rate of 44 breaths/minute and SaO2 85%. They are anxious with audible wheezes. The patient is immediately given nebulised Salbutamol follow by oxygen via face mask and Hydrocortisone intravenously (I.V). 1. Explain the reason for Intravenous (I.V) Hydrocortisone.Table 1: Arterial blood gas concentration in patient Two hours after aspirin ingestion Ten hours after aspirin ingestion Normal values Partial Pressure CO2 26 mm Hg 19 mm Hg 35-45 mm Hg Partial Pressure O2 113 mm Hg 143 mm Hg 75-100 mm Hg Bicarbonate [HCO;] 18 mM 21 mM 22-26 mM pH 7.44 7.55 7.35-7.45 Blood salicylate concentration, mg/dL 57 117Elevated blood plasma levels of alkaline phosphatase (hyperphosphatasaemia) are an indication of a number of pathologies. Briefly comment on the use of alkaline phosphatase assays as a diagnostic aid for a single common medical condition. (word limit 120 words including citations and references.
