2 Consider a Specific Factors model with two countries, Home H and Foreign F, three factors of production, labour L, capital K and land T, and two goods, cars c and bread b. The production functions are the same in both countries and given by: 1 Fe(Ke, Le) = K L} and Fr(Lb, Tv) = L}{T}³ Denote the factor prices by r for capital, w for labour and q for land. The price for cars is pc, the price for bread pb. Home's factor endowment is given by KH = 8, LH = 1 and TH = 1, Foreign's factor endowment by KF = 1, LF = 1 and TF = 1. Suppose that relative demand for the goods is the same in both countries: Normalise bread price ie P₁ = PH= P=1 H ¹/x = pt/pc and x/x = Pb/pc. a) Derive autarky equilibrium good and factor prices in both Home and foreign and show that PH
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- Assume that countries A and B operating in the immobile factor model have identical labor endowments. Both produce beer and pizzas. Country A has an absolute advantage in the production of beer, while Country B has an absolute advantage in the production of pizzas. Which of the following statements will be true? O Labor productivity of beer workers is higher in Country B. O Unit labor requirement for pizza production is lower in Country A. O Autarky price of beer will be higher in Country B. O Autarky price of pizza will be higher in Country B. O Country B produces more beer than Country A.Consider an economy with two countries and two goods. Unit labor requirement for each product is given in the table below. Domestic Foreign Apple 1 4 Orange 2 1 Available Labor 1,000 7,000 Suppose that Domestic and Foreign can trade apple in exchange for orange at 1-to-1 ratio. Assume that consumers also prefer consuming at one apple for every orange. Calculate the increase in consumption of orange in Foreign after trade opens. Report your answer in 3-decimal precision. Ex: If your answer is 666.54634654674, then 666.546.Consider two countries, Home and Foreign and two goods appples and bananas. In the Home country the unit labour requiremrents for apples and bananas are repectively 3 and 2. In the Foreign country the unit labour requirements for apples and bananas are 5 and 1 respectively. The Home country has a labour force of 1200 and the Foreign country has a labour force of 800. Graph the Production Possiblity Frontiers for each of the two countries. What are the prices of apples in terms of bananas in both countries in the absence of trade? Why? Construct the world relative supply function. Suppose that the world relative demand takes the following form: demand for ap- ples/demand for bananas = banana price/apple price. Draw the world relative de- mand curve superimposed on the world relative supply curve. What is the equilibrium relative price of apples under free trade? Describe the pattern of trade. Show that each of the two countries gain from trade. Suppose that instead of 1200…
- Consider two competitive economies that have the same quantities of labor and capital (K=L), and the same technology. The economies of the countries are described by the following Cobb–Douglas production functions: North Economy: Y = AK^0.7 L^0.3 South Economy: Y = AK^0.3 L^0.7 If half of workers (L) in North immigrated to South, explain how would total output, marginal produc- tivity of labor, and labor’s share of income in the two economies change?Short Answer Assume there are two goods: airplanes (a) and bananas (b). The labor-to-capital ratios are 4 and 8, respectively. The labor-to-capital ratio in the wholeeconomy is 5. What is the fraction of capital (over the total amount of capital in the economy) used in the production of airplanes? Assume there is one good in the economy. The good is produced using a standard Cobb-Douglas production function. Give an intuition for why output price does not affect the capital-to-labor ratio?Suppose there are two countries Peru and Japan that produces 7,523 units ofFood or 17,853 units of Fuel using a labour force of 8000. Japan can produce 5,733 units of Food or 24,156 units of Fuel using a labour force of 5,000. a) On two seperate graphs sketch the initial PFF for the two countries with Food on the x-axis. b) If Japan and Peru employ half it workers to produce Fuel how much each good can consume? Label this point A and A* respectively. c) Which country has the absolute advantage in food? In fuel? Explain. d) Which country has the comparative advantage in food? In fuel? Explain. e) Which good(s) should each country specialized in?
- Suppose there are two countries, Home and Foreign, that produce two goods, fish (F) and edamame (E), using only labor. In the Home country 6 units of labor are required to produce each unit of fish and the same for each unit of edamame. In the Foreign country, 2 units of labor is required to produce each fish and 3 units of labor are required for each unit of edamame. Each country has a labor force of 30 units available for production. Suppose further that consumers in both countries have identical Leontief preferences, utility function U(CF, CE) = min(CF, CE), meaning that they want to consume the two goods in a fixed proportion of one-to-one, i.e. CF = CE (there is no substitution between the goods). Suppose now that the labor force of the Home country is 6 times as big (i.e. 180 units, instead of 30). How does this increase in labor force at Home change the pattern of trade? Will the gains from trade for the Home country be higher or lower now? What happens to the welfare of the…"Accoring to Ricardo's analysis, a country exports any good whose production requires fewer labor hours per unit than the labor hours per unit needed to produce the good in the foreign country. That is, the country exports any good in which its labor producivity is higher than the labor productivity for this good in the foreign country." Do you agree or disagree? why?Using a production possibilities frontier (PPF) diagram, determine how does the PPF changein response to the events describe below.Make sure to explicitly indicate what sectors you are representing, and what sort ofassumptions each event implies (i.e., a neutral effect vs a sector-biased effect). The latterfollows from your assumptions on the factor intensity of the sector you are representing.a) A relaxation of policies allowing more foreign direct investment into the country.b) Increasing the minimum wage level.c) A decrease in expenditure on research and development.d) An increase in the retirement age.e) Government policies supporting the provision of services, without affecting
- Using a production possibilities frontier (PPF) diagram, determine how does the PPF changein response to the following events:Make sure to explicitly indicate what sectors you are representing, and what sort ofassumptions each event implies (i.e., a neutral effect vs a sector-biased effect). The latterfollows from your assumptions on the factor intensity of the sector you are representing. c) Decreasing the expenditure on research and developmentd) Implementation of easier rules for foreign investmente) The effects of a pandemicUsing a production possibilities frontier (PPF) diagram, determine how does a country’s PPFchange in response to the events described below.Make sure to explicitly indicate what sectors you are representing, and what sort ofassumptions each event implies (i.e., a neutral effect vs a sector-biased effect). The latterfollows from your assumptions on the factor intensity of the sector you are representing. a) Reducing skilled migration into the countryb) Imposing import taxes (tariffs) on intermediate inputsc) Increasing the expenditure on research and developmentd) An increase in the retirement age (providing greater flexibility in labour markets)e) The effects of a natural disaster.1. There are two countries, NZ and AUS, which use the same technology for production of food and cloth. The labour (L) and capital (K) endowments areL=100andk=60forNZ,and L=50andk-20forAUS. Theinputs used in production in NZ and in AUS are given in the following table: NZ AUS Labour Capital Labour Capital Food aLF =4 akF=3a-LF =6 8-KF=2 Cloth alc =6 axc=5 a-Lc =8 a-xc=4 Which good is capital-intensive in NZ? In AUS? Which good is labour-intensive in NZ? In AUS? Which country is labour-abundant? Which is capital-abundant? Draw the PPF curves for the two countries. Which country has a higher relative supply of cloth if the countries face the same relative price of cloth? What is the level of free trade relative price of cloth compared to the two autarky relative prices of cloth? Which country exports what? Relate the answer to the Heckscher- Ohlin Theorem. Illustrate the imports and exports. Show using indifference curves that both countries gain from trade.