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- Rifamycins have been used for the treatment of many diseases, including HIV-related Tuberculosis. Explain how Rifamycins inhibit the activities of bacterial DNA dependent RNA polymerase.Why can it be said that transcription of thebacteriophage T7 genome requires two enzymes?The CTD of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II can be phosphorylated at multiple serine residues. What are the conditions that lead to the phosphorylated versus nonphosphorylated RNA polymerase II CTD?
- For each of the following initiation factors, how would eukaryotic initiation of translation be affected if it were missing? A. eIF 2 B. eIF4 C. eIF5GTP hydrolysis is used multiple times during the course of protein synthesis to advance the process forward, often irreversibly. Provide an example of a GTP-regulated step and its associated GTP binding factor that regulates a step during A) translation initiation, and also B) one that is associated with the translation elongation phase.Consider the Rho-dependent terminator sequence 5’CCCAGCCCGCCUAAUGAGCGGCCUUUUUUUU-3’. What affect would a point mutation at any one of the bolded and underlined nucleotides disrupt termination of transcription? Group of answer choices 1.Mutation in one of these nucleotides would disrupt base pairing, but not affect the formation of the hairpin and termination proceeds. 2.Mutation in one of these nucleotides would have no affect on base pairing, so the termination hairpin is formed and termination proceeds. 3.Mutation in one of these nucleotides would not disrupt base pairing, but would prevent the formation of the hairpin and disrupt termination. 4.Mutation in one of these nucleotides would disrupt base pairing, preventing the formation of the hairpin and disrupting termination.
- The following is a sequence of the leader region ofthe his operon mRNA in Salmonella typhimurium.What bases in this sequence could cause a ribosometo pause when histidine is limiting (that is, when thereis very little of it) in the medium?5′ AUGACACGCGUUCAAUUUAAACACCACCAUCAUCACCAUCAUCCUGACUAGUCUUUCAGGC 3′Trp operon of E. coli is an inducible sytem since it turns on in the presence of tryptophan. In most bacteria, protein synthesis is initiated with a modified methionine residue (N-formylmethionine), whereas unmodified methionines initiate protein synthesis in eukaryotes. Both DNA replication and transcription follow a 5’ to 3’ direction of polarity. Write T if the statement is true and write F if the statement is falseThe following logo plot represents the preferred cis-regulatory sequences (i.e. transcription factor binding site) of bHLH transcription factor FOSL1. C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 position Would you expect this sequence to be recognized by a monomer, a homodimer, or a heterodimer of the protein? Explain your answer. (short phrases are sufficient; please write your answer into the template below) A- В I A -l expect FOSL1 to bind as a: (monomer, homodimer, heterodimer; please choose) B - short explanation: information content (bit) !!
- If the binding activity was purified, suggest two experimental approaches that could be taken to verify that this factor is in fact a transcription factor? Explain.During eukaryote transcription initiation, when TFIIE, TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIIF, and RNA pol II all join on the DNA strand, how do they know where to be put on the strand?Which serine in the CTD of RNA polymerase II is phosphorylated to recruit enzymes to add the 5’ guanosine cap? How is this phosphorylation different than the CTD phosphorylation in promoter clearance?