12. The abbreviated equation for photosynthesis is as follows: 6CO2 + 6H2O (+ light) → C,H12O6 + 602. Provide a more accurate equation for the light reactions and Calvin cycle that represents the inputs and outputs of each. Light reactions: Calvin Cycle:
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- Which of the following substances does not participate in the CalvinBenson cycle? a. ATP b. NADPH c. RuBP d. PGAL e. O2 f. CO2AsapPhase 2 (Diagram 9) Description: Phase 3 (Diagram 10) Description: Why is the series of reactions in the Calvin cycle called a "cycle"? Diagram 9 CALVIN CYCLE: Phase 2- Reduction Diagram 10 B CO. $53 Phasdi Plase 2 CALVIN CYCLE: Phase 3 - Regeneration x6 x6 6 NADPH ALPUN 6 WADP + 6H1 Other organic molecules -BADP-IM Sthe wounic molecules
- 13. Statement 1: In the Calvin Cycle, two molecules of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate are produced if two molecules of carbon dioxide are fixed. Statement 2: If the carbon fixation phase of the Calvin Cycle begins with 6 molecules of ribulose bisphosphate and 6 molecules of carbon dioxide, 2 out of 12 molecules of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate made at the end of the reduction phase are used in carbohydrate production while the remaining 10 molecules are needed to keep the Calvin Cycle turning by regenerating ribulose bisphosphate. Statement 1 is true. Statement 2 is false. Statement 1 is false. Statement 2 is true. Both statements are true. Both statements are false.4) Fill in the blank/circle the correct response: In the Calvin Cycle, CO₂ (low / high) energy. draw an approximate graph of the process of this whole anabolic reaction. HINT: does the CO₂ start at high energy or low energy. HINT 2: is the G3P high or low energy? What causes these changes? Energy of the carbon compounds (not quite to scale) Progress of the Calvin CycleCorrectly identify the process, product, or requirement at each indicated step in the Calvin cycle diagram. Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets. Reducing power input Removal of 6 C for biosynthesis Various sugar rearrangements Regeneration of CO₂ acceptor and energy input Carboxylation Energy input 6 CÔ, 6 ATP 6 Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (30 carbons) RubisCO 6 Ribulose Phosphoribulokinase 123-Phospho- glycerate (36 carbons) 5-phosphate (30 carbons) 10 Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (30 carbons) Overall stoichiometry: 6 CO₂ + 12 NADPH + 18 ATP- +12 NADP+ + 18 ADP + 17 P 12 ATP 121,3-Bisphospho- glycerate (36 carbons) 12 NAD(P)H 12 Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (36 carbons) Fructose 6-phosphate (6 carbons) To biosynthesis Reset Help C₂H₁₂O(PO₂H₂)
- Which of the following statements about the light reactions of photosynthesis are correct? 1. Absorption of light does one thing: it makes chlorophyll easier to oxidize. 2. In PSII, the rate of damage to the D1 protein can never exceeds the rate of repair. 3. Electron transport is spontaneous (exergonic) as electrons move from P680* to P700+. 4. Compared to anoxygenic photosynthesis, in oxygenic photosynthesis less light needs to be absorbed to reduce NADP+. A. 1,2 and 3 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 4 D. 4 only E. All of 1,2,3 and 4 are correct6Z. The reactions of the Calvin cycle are not directly dapendent on light, but they usually do not occur at night. Which of the following statements explains why not? a. The Calvin cycle depends on the presence of light and the products from light reaction. b. Carbon dioxide is not available at night. c. It is too cold at night for reactions to take place. d. Most plants do not make the 4-carbon compounds that would be needed for the Calvin cycle to occur at night. Carbon DiorideIdentify the chemical basis for ApH and AY across the chloroplast thylakoid membrane by dragging the descriptions to their targets. Be sure to notice that the upper arrow iindicates ApH and the lower arrow indicates ΔΨ. ATP synthase complex H+ N ADP + P₁ Light energy ATP H*N Photosystem I/II- Chloroplast N side Aus PN ApH T + Thylakoid membrane HTp H+p Lumen Stroma P side Proton circuit A B High H concentration Low positive charge High positive charge Low H+ concentration Within the image, identify the types of proton translocation by dragging each label to its target. O XH₂ 2H+ + Z 2 H* ZH₂ O XH₂ Z 2H+ ZH₂ 2H+ C A B Proton pump Redox loop
- A. Explain the role of ATP in life process. B. Complete the following table by comparing and contrasting the light-dependent and light-independent reactions of photosynthesis. You may use the link below for reference. https://youtu.be/KfvYQgT2M-k Light- independent reactions Point of Light-dependent reactions Comparison 1. Raw materials 2. Part of the chloroplasts where they occur 3. Light requirements 4. Products 15. Ву-productsa) Draw the carboxylation reaction mechanism catalyzed by Rubisco. Include the substrates, products, key amino acid residues in the active site, and important metal ions. b) Describe each step in the Rubisco carboxylation reaction and why the carbamylated lysine is critical for enzyme activity. c. Describe the purpose of the "regeneration stage" of the Calvin-Benson cycle.1. A) For the schematic of a chloroplast shown in the image attached, match the major input and output molecules of photosynthesis to the letters shown. Molecules: CO2, H2O, O2, sugar A: B: C: D: B) In the image attached, the light reactions are shown to take place in the thylakoid. Where specifically do these reactions take place? C) Where does the Calvin cycle take place?