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1. Glycolysis can be summarized as a 6-carbon structure becoming two 3-carbon structures. To really understand what is going on, follow the carbons! C. H HO CH₂-OH ·0 H OH H H L OH H OH Glucose a. This figure summarizes the overall process of glycolysis with the carbon atoms labeled in corresponding colors. Draw out the structures for glucose-6-phosphate, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and the products from the aldolase and triose phosphate isomerase reactions and pyruvate with numbered carbons. ATP ADP Mg2+ hexokinase 6 b. How does the glycolysis reaction move forward with dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosephate (G3P or GAP) since the isomerization reaction is reversible? How is glucose kept inside the cell, against a concentration gradient? d. In the preparatory phase, both of the reactions in step 1 and step 3 require ATP. Why is step 3 the first committed step in glycolysis? Stated another way, why is fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is committed to become pyruvate and yield energy? Step 1 HOT 5 H H K HO 3 CH₂-OPO3 HO OH H 0 H CH₂OH H L OH 2 OH Glucose 6-phosphate AG'° -16.7 kJ/mol HO Glucose + 2 NAD+ CH₂OPO H + 2 Pi OH + 2 ADP H НО 3 1 H CH₂-OH OH 2 4 OH Fructose 6-phosphate Step 3 ATP ADP Mg2+ phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) CH₂OPO H 0+ 2 NADH CH3 Pyruvate H O + 2 ATP HO + 2 H₂O CH₂-OPO VOH 4 3 OH H Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate AG'O-14.2 kJ/mol

1. Glycolysis can be summarized as a 6-carbon structure becoming two 3-carbon structures. To really understand what is going on, follow the carbons! C. H HO CH₂-OH ·0 H OH H H L OH H OH Glucose a. This figure summarizes the overall process of glycolysis with the carbon atoms labeled in corresponding colors. Draw out the structures for glucose-6-phosphate, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and the products from the aldolase and triose phosphate isomerase reactions and pyruvate with numbered carbons. ATP ADP Mg2+ hexokinase 6 b. How does the glycolysis reaction move forward with dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosephate (G3P or GAP) since the isomerization reaction is reversible? How is glucose kept inside the cell, against a concentration gradient? d. In the preparatory phase, both of the reactions in step 1 and step 3 require ATP. Why is step 3 the first committed step in glycolysis? Stated another way, why is fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is committed to become pyruvate and yield energy? Step 1 HOT 5 H H K HO 3 CH₂-OPO3 HO OH H 0 H CH₂OH H L OH 2 OH Glucose 6-phosphate AG'° -16.7 kJ/mol HO Glucose + 2 NAD+ CH₂OPO H + 2 Pi OH + 2 ADP H НО 3 1 H CH₂-OH OH 2 4 OH Fructose 6-phosphate Step 3 ATP ADP Mg2+ phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) CH₂OPO H 0+ 2 NADH CH3 Pyruvate H O + 2 ATP HO + 2 H₂O CH₂-OPO VOH 4 3 OH H Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate AG'O-14.2 kJ/mol

Biochemistry
Biochemistry
6th Edition
ISBN:9781305577206
Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Chapter18: Glycolysis
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 14P: Energetic of Fructose-1 ,6-bis P Hydrolysis (Integrates with Chapter 3.) The standard free energy...
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1. Glycolysis can be summarized as a 6-carbon structure becoming two 3-carbon structures. To really understand what is going on, follow the carbons! C. H CH₂2-OH HO H 0 ATP ADP H H Mg²+ 426 4 hexokinase OH HO OH H H OH 6 Glucose a. This figure summarizes the overall process of glycolysis with the carbon atoms labeled in corresponding colors. Draw out the structures for glucose-6-phosphate, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and the products from the aldolase and triose phosphate isomerase reactions and pyruvate with numbered carbons. HO CH₂-OPO 5 H b. How does the glycolysis reaction move forward with dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosephate (G3P or GAP) since the isomerization reaction is reversible? How is glucose kept inside the cell, against a concentration gradient? d. In the preparatory phase, both of the reactions in step 1 and step 3 require ATP. Why is step 3 the first committed step in glycolysis? Stated another way, why is fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is committed to become pyruvate and yield energy? Step 1 OH H HO- 3 12 H OH H 1 OH CH₂OH Glucose 6-phosphate HO AG'° -16.7 kJ/mol Glucose 6 + 2 NAD+ CH₂OPO H + 2 Pi OH + 2 ADP H HO CH₂-OH OH 2 Step 3 ATP ADP Mg2+A phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) 4 3 OH H Fructose 6-phosphate CH3 Pyruvate H CH₂OPO 1 0 O H HO + 2 NADH OH + 2 ATP + 2 H₂O CH₂-OPO3- 4 3 OH H Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate AG'= -14.2 kJ/mol
Transcribed Image Text:1. Glycolysis can be summarized as a 6-carbon structure becoming two 3-carbon structures. To really understand what is going on, follow the carbons! C. H CH₂2-OH HO H 0 ATP ADP H H Mg²+ 426 4 hexokinase OH HO OH H H OH 6 Glucose a. This figure summarizes the overall process of glycolysis with the carbon atoms labeled in corresponding colors. Draw out the structures for glucose-6-phosphate, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and the products from the aldolase and triose phosphate isomerase reactions and pyruvate with numbered carbons. HO CH₂-OPO 5 H b. How does the glycolysis reaction move forward with dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosephate (G3P or GAP) since the isomerization reaction is reversible? How is glucose kept inside the cell, against a concentration gradient? d. In the preparatory phase, both of the reactions in step 1 and step 3 require ATP. Why is step 3 the first committed step in glycolysis? Stated another way, why is fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is committed to become pyruvate and yield energy? Step 1 OH H HO- 3 12 H OH H 1 OH CH₂OH Glucose 6-phosphate HO AG'° -16.7 kJ/mol Glucose 6 + 2 NAD+ CH₂OPO H + 2 Pi OH + 2 ADP H HO CH₂-OH OH 2 Step 3 ATP ADP Mg2+A phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) 4 3 OH H Fructose 6-phosphate CH3 Pyruvate H CH₂OPO 1 0 O H HO + 2 NADH OH + 2 ATP + 2 H₂O CH₂-OPO3- 4 3 OH H Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate AG'= -14.2 kJ/mol
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