1. Consider the enzyme pyruvate carboxylase.a. What pathway(s) does this enzyme function in?b. What cofactor does this enzyme use?c. Why is this cofactor required?d.How is this enzyme regulated?e.How does regulation of this enzyme impact the pathway(s) it operates in? How doesregulation of this enzyme impact other pathway(s) we have discussed?

“Since you have posted a question with multiple sub-parts, we will solve the first four sub-parts…

Answered: 1. Consider the enzyme pyruvate…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Regarding phosphofructokinase, which of the following statements is true: a. Low [ATP] stimulates the enzyme, but fructose-2,6-bisphosphate inhibits. b. High [ATP] stimulates the enzyme, but fructose-2,6-bisphosphate inhibits. c. The enzyme is more active at low [ATP] than at high, and fructose-2,6-bisphosphate activates the enzyme. d. High [ATP] stimulates the enzyme, and fructose-2,6-bisphosphate activates.
Back in 1962, Gerhart and Pardee developed a model for the regulation of the activity of the ATCase enzyme by CTP and ATP, using the pathway given in Figure 1. Describe that model, using information presented here as well as what you have learned about allosteric enzymes. Be sure to include a sentence explaining the physiological significance of your model.
The following incorrect description of the HMS path is () A, 6-P-glucose can be converted into pentose phosphate through this pathway B. Four-carbon and seven-carbon sugars can be provided through this route C. For every mole of carbon dioxide produced when 6-P-glucose is converted to pentose phosphate, it also produces 1 mole of NADPH D, 6-P-glucose is decomposed in this way without consumption of ATP Among the following enzyme-catalyzed reactions that can generate substrate level phosphorylation to generate GTP are () A, hexokinase B, enolase C, succinate thiokinase D, succinate dehydrogenase The limiting factor of fatty acid synthesis in cell fluid is (). A, condensation enzyme B, hydration enzyme C, lipoacyl group transferase D, acetyl-CoA carboxylase Which of the following amino acids is an essential amino acid? () A.Thr B.Lys C.Met D.Arg
GAP + Pi + NAD+ ⟹1,3-BPG + NADH (Reaction 1) 1,3-BPG + ADP ⟹ 3-PG + ATP (Reaction 2) Which of the following statements concerning the information above is true? Select all that apply. A.Reaction 2 is an example of substrate level phosphorylation B.These reactions are written in a direction that would indicate gluconeogenesis is occurring in the liver C.The linking of Reaction 1 and Reaction 2 by the intermediate 1,3-BPG is an example of coupling of reactions D.Reaction 1 shows a redox reaction where the carbon skeleton is oxidized to generate electrons for a soluble electron carrier E.These reactions are irreversible under cellular conditions
Consider this intermediate in the derivation of the Michaelis-Menten equation. [E] [S] [ES| k-1 + kz km Assume that k is negligible compared to the other rate constants. If the k is very small, it suggests that the enzyme has a Select an option affinity for its substrate, while if the if the km is very large, it suggests that the enzyme has a Select an option. affinity for its substrate. Select an option Submit You have used 0 of high Sav low moderate
1. Sulfanilamide, a sulfur drug, acts as an antibiotic. Explain its mechanism of action in the context of enzyme inhibition. 2. Methotrexate is used in cancer chemotherapy. Explain how this compound works by elaborating on the type of enzyme inhibition involved for its action. 3. For the following aspartate reaction in the presence of inhibitor, Km = 0.00065 M. Determine Vmax in both reactions and in the reaction without inhibitor, the Km. Identify whether the inhibition is competitive, non-competitive or uncompetitive. ( see attached picture ) 3a. how I and S bind to the E as shown by the Lineweaver Burk plot. 3b. the significance of the following obtained values for Km and Vmax. 3c. effect in slope and x-intercept
Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is the active compound of aspirin. It binds the active site of coX-1 (Cyclooxygenase1) where it is initially processed by the normal catalytic mechanism generating a chemically reactive intermediate that inactivates the enzyme through covalent modification. Hence, aspirin acts as: Select one: а. Suicide inactivator? O b. Transition state analogue? С. Substrate analogue? O d. Group specific reagent?
A hypothetical three-step metabolic pathway consists of intermediates W, X, Y, and Z and enzymes A, B, and C. Deduce the order of the enzymatic steps in the pathway from the following information: 1. Compound Q, a metabolic inhibitor of enzyme B, causes Z to build up. 2. A mutant in enzyme C requires Y for growth. 3. An inhibitor of enzyme A causes W, Y, and Z to accumulate. 4. Compound P, a metabolic inhibitor of enzyme C, causes W and Z to build up.
A3 Glucosylacetamide has a structure similar to the transition state during catalysis by the enzyme hexokinase and therefore would likely be A. covalently attached to hexokinase at a regulatory site distinct from the active site. B. covalently bound to an active site amino acid of hexokinase. C. a high-affinity hexokinase inhibitor. D. more rapidly hydrolyzed than ATP during catalysis.
How would the Hill equation reveal allosteric regulation of any enzyme? Select one: а. A linear relationship between log[Y/[1- Y]] and log[S] with positive slope. b. A change in the log[Y/[1- Y]] vs. log[S] slope over a range of log[S]. c. A linear relationship between log[Y/[1- Y]] and log[S] with a negative slope. d. A constant (flat) region in the graph of log[S] vs log[Y/[1- Y]] e. None of these.
The mechanism of chymotrypsin is used as a model for studying enzyme reaction mechanisms. Answer the following questions related to chymotrypsin: 1. List the 3 amino acids in the catalytic triad of chymotrypsin. 2. List the types of catalytic mechanisms (from the 3 main types of catalytic mechanisms) displayed in the mechanism of chymotrypsin.
One indication of the relative importance of various ATP-producing pathways is the Vmax of certain enzymes of these pathways. The values of Vmax of several enzymes from the pectoral muscles (chest muscles used for flying) of pigeon and pheasant are listed below. *table a. Discuss the relative importance of glycogen metabolism and fat metabolism in generating ATP in the pectoral muscles of these birds. b. Compare oxygen consumption in the two birds. c. Judging from the data in the table, which bird is the long-distance flyer? Justify your answer. d. Why were these enzymes selected for comparison? Would the activities of triose phosphate isomerase and malate dehydrogenase be equally good bases for comparison? Explain.

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