6:18< BCH351_Assignment...6.1.The graph below shows the fluidity of liposomes composed from 4 differentphospholipid bilayers. Melting curve 'a' corresponds to a membrane composed of phosphatidatelinked with hexadecanoate fatty acids. The melting temperature, Tm, for that membrane isindicated on the graph as a dotted vertical line. At temperatures below the Tm, the membranebecomes more gel-like and much less fluid than above the Tm.Curve b)The compositions of the other 3 liposomes are listed below (numbered 1-3). Match the liposomecompositions to the different melting curves (labeled 'b', 'c' and 'd' on the graph). Explain youranswers.1) Phosphatidate composed of octadecanoate fatty acids2) Phosphatidate composed of hexadecanoate fatty acids + cholesterol3) Phosphatidate composed of 16:1cA³ fatty acidsCurve c)3Curve d)Fluidity5G UC.ll 90%aBTmTemperature:

The graph given below shows the fluidity of membrane. The degree of bilayer fluidity depends on…

Answered: 1) Phosphatidate composed of…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Describe what gap junction are, emphasizing on how they are different two other cellular points of contact, their protein components and cellular function. Describe the three main sources of membrane fluidity. Describe in detail what proteoglycans are, including their hygroscopicity and biological roles.
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While endocytosis and exocytosis refer to the direction in which a vesicle moves into and out of a cell respectively, it is important to think about what is being moved with and within the vesicles. To demonstrate how this process is utilized in human cells we will focus on the human body's insulin response. The purpose of the insulin response is to create a pathway for glucose entry into cells by releasing glucose transporters into the membrane. Cell Type #1- insulin producers: In humans, pancreatic B-cells create steroid insulin that can be packaged into vesicles starting at the ER. These vesicles are prepared for exocytosis so that the insulin can be released from the pancreatic B - cells and get into the bloodstream when signaled to do so. When glucose is present in the blood stream these cells will release the pre-packed insulin into the blood stream. Cell Type #2- insulin responders: Other cells do not produce insulin but instead respond when they have received the insulin signal…
Answer the following questions about the cell membrane; a) How are the phospholipids in the structure of the cell membrane called due to their tendency towards water?b) How do you interpret the transitions of lipophilic and hydrophilic substances that will pass through the cell membrane and the energy requirement in this context?c) State some of the features that cross the cell membrane and make "porin proteins" specific.d) Briefly clarify the concepts of "acylation", "prenylation" and "GPI stabilizer" in the context of membrane protein interactions.e) When determining ABO Blood Groups, give information about which blood group data can be obtained depending on the interaction of which antigens in the red blood cell and which antibodies in the serum.
Maintaince of cell shape and directed intracellular transport are provided by the presence of the structures (in the cell) which include [1] [2] and [3] ]have the largest diameter. They consist of the protein 1
Membranes that contain a significant proportion of cis unsaturated fatty acids are more fluid than similar membraneswith higher levels of saturated fatty acids. Explain.
Which statements are true? Explain why or why not.1 Given the numerous processes inside cells thatare regulated by changes in Ca2+ concentration, it seemslikely that Ca2+-dependent cell–cell adhesions are alsoregulated by changes in Ca2+ concentration.2 Tight junctions perform two distinct functions:they seal the space between cells to restrict paracellularflow and they fence off plasma membrane domains toprevent the mixing of apical and basolateral membraneproteins.3 The elasticity of elastin derives from its high con-tent of α helices, which act as molecular springs.4 Integrins can convert mechanical signals intointracellular molecular signals.
Liposomes used in COVID vaccines also contain phospholipids like those in the plasma membrane of human cells which mediate fusion of the two membranes. By fusion, we mean that the liposome and plasma membranes become contiguous, or become one membrane. What drives the process of fusion once the two membranes are close enough to each other?
Cells transporting substances across their membranes is essential. Choose TWO of the following types of cellular transport. ๏osmosis ๏active transport ๏facilitated diffusion ๏endocytosis / exocytosis (a)For each type of transport you choose, describe the transport process. Explain how the organization of cell membrane plays a role the movement of specific molecules across membrane. (b)Using the same transport types, identify a specific cell that utilizes that type of transit (i.e. one cell for each transport type, or two different cell examples), and detail a substance that is transferred. (c)A typical human lymphocyte has a radius of about 10 μm, while a typical bacterium (e.g., S. pneumoniae) has a radius of about 1 μm. Assuming that both cell types are perfectly spherical, compare and contrastthe transport mechanisms for each of these cells.
(a) Describe permeability of a phospholipid bilayer for the following molecules. Use terms: non-permeable, high permeability, medium permeability. N2, O2, Na+, glucose, sucrose (disaccharide), glycogen, H2O, KCl, K+, Mg2+, glycine and protein (b) Discuss the role of carbonic anhydrase in CO2 transport. (c) Discuss the cause of ‘cold denaturation’ of proteins.
"Although membrane domains with different protein compositions are well known, there are at present no examples of membrane domains that differ in lipid composition", is true or false.

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1) Phosphatidate composed of octadecanoate fatty acids 2) Phosphatidate composed of hexadecanoate fatty acids + cholesterol 3) Phosphatidate composed of 16:1cA8 fatty acids Fluidity d Temperature b a Tm