1/ A/ Discuss the concept of an available energy (i.e exergy).
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- A) Steam enters a turbine at a pressure of 30 bars, temperature of 400 degrees Celsius and exits at a pressure of 1bar. The turbine is isentropic, how much power is produced per unit mass flow rate, w. Their is no change in kinetic or potential energy and no heat transfer. Answer in kJ/kg B) Steam enters a turbine at a pressure of 30 bars, temperature of 400 degrees celsius and exits at a pressure of 1bar. If the turbine is operating at 95% isentropic efficiency, how much power is being produced per unit mass flow rate, w. Their is no change in kinetic or potential energy and no heat transfer. Answer in kJ/kg C) Steam enters a turbine at a pressure of 30 bars, temperature of 400 degrees celsius and exits at a pressure of 1 bar. If the turbine at 95% isentropic efficiency, what is the quality of the steam exiting the turbine? Their is no change in kinetic or potential energy and no heat transfer.7) Consider a cycle with n moles of diatomic gas illustrated in the PV diagram below. Assume the gas is ideal and that AB is an isotherm. a) Complete the chart below in terms of n, R, Temperature and Volume. b) Determine the efficiency. c) Find the Carnot efficiency for a cycle operating between these temperatures. P Isotherm B. C V V. AEint Qin WBy АВ BC СА cycleSelect one correct answer from the statements below. Assume Tu and TL as the absolute temperatures of the high and low temperature energy reservoirs, respectively. i) COP = ii) COP iii) 1 T/T, -1 a. reversible. b. irreversible. c. reversible and irreversible cycles. 1 1-0₁/0 is applicable for is applicable for a. reversible. b. irreversible. c. reversible and irreversible cycles. On is applicable for 9. T, a. reversible. b. irreversible. c. reversible and irreversible cycles. a. True. b. False. iv) If COP and COPurses are the coefficient of performances of actual and reversible heat pumps operating between the same temperature limits, the relationship COP COP is
- 1.19) A thermodynamic cycle involves the following 4 processes. Draw the cycle on a single PT diagram. (a) An isobaric heating from 500 K and 400 kPa to a temperature of 700 K (b) An isothermal compression to a pressure of 800 kPa (c) An isobaric cooling to a temperature of 500 K (d) An appropriate isothermal expansion to close the cycle Note: The chart should be drawn to scale, neatly accurately. Use a ruler and label your axis.A power cycle consisting of the three processes: Process 1-2: Constant volume to P2 Process 2-3: Polytropic expansion Pv=c, use k=1.28 Process 3-1: Compression at constant pressure Assuming 2.5 kg carbon dioxide as the working substance with P₁= 1.5 bar, P₂= 6 bar, T₁=350 K and neglecting kinetic and potential energy effects: a) sketch cycle in P-v diagram b) calculate thermal efficiency CO₂ molar mass = 44. CO₂ specific heat cy=1.014 kJ/kg/KPlease choose the right answer for each question as below: a): Which of the following is a path function 1-Energy 2-Entropy 3-Exergy 4-None of the above b): Moisture content of steam at the turbine exit in the power plant can be reduced by 1-Superheating of steam 2-Reheating in turbine 3-Increasing the condenser pressure 4-Through all of above methods c) The irreversibility occurs during a thermodynamic process can also be named as 1- Work produced 2- Energy change 3- Exergy destroyed 4- Exergy loss d): If the ideal vapour compression refrigeration cycle operates in a reversible mode then the process of throttling will be 1-an isentropic process 2-an isothermal process 3-an isenthalpic process 4-adiabatic process
- During the operation of a thermal machine, a reduction in the entropy of the working substance is quantified. In light of the second law of thermodynamics a) this result is acceptable, because not all the systems that participate in the process are being included. b) there must be an error in the calculation, because the entropy of the process cannot decrease. c) is acceptable, because in a process the entropy of the universe can decrease, but not in a cycle. d) the result is acceptable, because it must be an irreversible process.Material A with initial temperature of 80 ⁰C came into contact with material B with initial temperature of 15 ⁰C. What are the scenario/s that would likely to happen? W. Temperature of material B will be above 80 ⁰C X. Entropy of material A will increase Y. Energy transfer is from material B to material A Z. Temperature of material A will be below 15 ⁰C Choose the correct letter below. A.) If all 4 statements are true B.) If 3 of the 4 statements are true C.) If 2 of the 4 statements are true D.) If only 1 of the 4 statements is true E.) If none of the 4 statements is trueQ1: What are the advantages and challenges of renewable energy resources? Q2: Discuss potential sources and uses of biomass as an energy source.
- Draw the schematic diagram of the problem; The steam used by a turbine is 5.50 kg/kw-hr at a pressure of 4.50 MPaa and a temperature of 373 degree Centigrade. The overall boiler effeciency is 85% with feedwater temperature at 165 degree Centigrade. a) How many kilogram of coal are required per kw-hr if calorific value of coal is 28,000 kJ/kg? b) If coal costs Php 440 per Metric Ton, what is the fuel cost per kw-hr? Copy the problem.In a gasoline engine the piston compresses the air-fuel mixture starting at a pressure of p1 = 1 bar and an ambient temperature of 27°C. The compression ratio is 9 and the combustion process is replaced by a heat treatment process of 1500 kJ/kg. calculate : a) netto work b) thermal efficiency of the engine c) average effective pressure d) maximum attainable temperature. (standard air assumption).1 A heat engine receives heat transfer rate at 1 MW at a high temperature of 550 °C and rejects energy to the ambient surroundings at 300 K. Work is produced at a rate of 450 kW. a) b) c) How much energy is rejected to the ambient surroundings? What is the engine efficiency? Compare this engine with a Carnot engine operating between the same temperature limits. (Compare efficiency, net-work done) .2 On a T-s diagram, indicate all the processes for an Engine working on a Carnot cycle between two temperature limits TH (highest temperature) and TL (lowest temperature).