Yola Halpert
Professor Ottina
CRJ 102: Intro to Policing
May 5, 2016
The Watts Riots The Watts Riots erupted on the backdrop of simmering racial tensions in the United States. There were many varied long term causes for the eruption of the riot that rocked Watts and the surrounding areas, but the immediate cause of the riot was routine police work - police responding to a call of a concerned citizen worried about a man driving his car erratically.
The Watts neighborhood of Los Angeles, was predominantly black and racial tension had reached a breaking point when two white policemen stopped, Marquette Frye, a black motorist whom they suspected of drunken driving on the evening of August 11, 1965. A crowd of spectators gathered near the
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The rioters looted stores, torched buildings, and beat white people as snipers fired at police and firefighters. Rumors circulated that the police had hit a pregnant woman. One five-year-old boy was killed by sniper fire (www.cnn.com). Incidents like these added fuel to the already raging fire of the riot. During the riot, community leaders and the police met at Athens Park. Many community leaders encouraged people to deal with the issue peacefully. Mrs. Frye, the mother of Marquette, also said that people should calm down. One teenager stepped to the microphone and told people that the rioting would not stop and that the rioters were going to invade the white parts of the city that night. Doing what the news do best, the media and news stations reported the hateful and inflammatory comments, but did not report on all of the peaceful speakers. As would be expected, the rioting continued. The National Guard was called in to help support the police (www.southcentralhistory.com). Finally, with the assistance of thousands of National Guardsmen, order was restored on August 16. …show more content…
Most of the victims were killed by the LAPD and the National Guard (www.southcentralhistory.com).The Watts riot was the worst urban riot in 20 years and foreshadowed the many rebellions to occur in the years that followed in Detroit, Newark, and other American cities (History.com). In the aftermath of the riot there were three major outcomes. One, the McCone Commission was set up by the government to study the riots. The McCone Commission found that people rioted because of unemployment, bad schools and education, and prior instances of police brutality (www.southcentralhistory.com). A second outcome following was an independent commission, chaired by former Illinois Gov. Otto Kerner, that investigated the causes of the rioting. The Kerner Commission issued its landmark report in 1968, concluding: "Our nation is moving toward two societies, one black, one white -- separate and unequal" (www.cnn.com). Another major outcome was the creation of SWAT teams. They were created with the vision of three police officers: Officer Nelson, who originally came up with the concept of a specially equipped and highly trained unit, Inspector Gates, who spear headed the push to make it happen and Ed Davis had the foresight to approve the program. The term SWAT was coined by Gates and originally stood for
A lot of what the public thinks about the riot is most likely false information. One reporter said that 172 inmate bodies were piled up inside the prison, when only 11 died.
There were many social and political factors that led to the Robert Charles riot of 1900. Robert Charles was a black man from New Orleans, Louisiana. He was a very quiet but hard working man. Charles began to listen and follow the teachings of Bishop Henry M. Turner. Bishop Henry preached to his black followers that they should defend themselves with weapons and shield themselves from the people who wanted to attack the black people. He wanted the African American community to fight back against discrimination. He also followed Bishop Henry’s emigration movement; This was the theory that all African Americans should go back to the Africa in order to live a better and fair life. On July 23,1990 Robert Charles and his friends were confronted by 2 police officers for being
According to Harper?s? sources, white sailors begin to join in on the brawl thus further escalating it, while a black man runs to a nearby club and announced that a group of white men had raped and killed a black woman and her daughter. As this rumor spreads, a white group began spreading their own rumors by incorrectly informing others that a white woman had been assaulted. Thus, the destruction that ensues from this riot is simply the product of rumors. According to Baldwin, the same can be stated about the Harlem riot. A rumor is spread of a black soldier being shot in the back and killed, thus incensing the crowds (Baldwin 81). While this is not the truth, it sufficiently ignites the fury of Harlem.The majority of the fighting in the Detroit riot takes place in the valley which is the black
What began as a peaceful demonstration over a week ago in Ferguson, Missouri, following the fatal shooting of an 18 year-old African-American man, quickly descended into violence and vandalism as protests turned into riots. On Saturday, August 9, Officer Darren Wilson confronted Michael Brown. The incident led to the shooting death of Brown, which sparked protests calling for an investigation of the confrontation. On Sunday August 10, however, the demonstrations turned to chaos as crowds began looting and vandalizing parts of the town, drawing national attention.
From Reconstruction through the early 1900s, what we now call “race riots” were expressions of white rage. Often spurred by rumors — or reality — of a crime committed against a white person or fears of black families moving into primarily white areas, whites would set entire black neighborhoods to the flame, destroying property and murdering blacks at will.
In August 2015, Ferguson was experienced an insurgent uprising. There were already previous victims of police brutality that have been affected, but the life of Michael Brown being taken away caused people to completely snap. The fact that racial injustice, the rejection of freedom of speech, and disrespecting American citizens was part of the killing of the teen made people create a full on riot protesting the transgression hoping to make it all end and to prevent any more lives from being taken all because of policemen changing the meaning of their job to something not even close to serving its purpose.
The Los Angeles Riots goes down in history as one of the most famous and destructive riots in US history. The L.A. Riots started as an outcry to the acquittal of the four police officers who senselessly beat Rodney King which was caught on camera. To understand the core issues of the L.A. Riots, we have to go back to what started it all, the injustice of Rodney King.
People became infuriated by the rumor that yet another incident of racially motivated abuse by the police has hurt a pregnant woman. The false accusations spread around Watts and surrounding areas like a wildfire with everyone hearing a different story from the original or ever their neighbors. This was the defending factor in a lot of peoples built up rage to burst and seek revenge on the so called injustice spilt upon the African American Race.
Ever since African Americans migrated to Milwaukee in huge numbers in the second half of the 20th century, there has been discrimination and racial violence. Upon moving there African Americans found themselves mistreated and without stable jobs. Today Milwaukee is one of the United States most segregated cities. Many African Americans that live in Milwaukee are incarcerated or unemployed. Residents say that many police officers are very disrespectful to African-Americans. Two big police shootings that happened in Milwaukee really enraged the African-American community and made them feel hopeless. Riots break out all the time in Milwaukee due to unfairness in the law. A huge riot broke out in July of 1967 about the vote against fair housing.
The whole chain of events began on May 30, 1921 when Dick Rowland, a young black man, allegedly assaulted a white elevator operator. Rowland was arrested the next day. However, outside the courthouse a group of raging whites gathered to attempt to lynch Rowland while a group of African Americans were protecting him to prevent the hanging. With the signal of one unintentional gunshot, many others rang out leaving some from both groups dead. With word getting around town of the riot, many angered whites stormed into the Greenwood District. Residencies were set on fire and many businesses were looted and burned to the ground. Planes also flew by dropping bombs in the area. With law enforcement on the whites’ side, the officers were also a part of the riot. The National Guard was
On the morning after the shooting, the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) went to the school nearby the scene. They demanded a civilian review board to discipline the police, but they were greeted by fifty officers holding nightsticks. Two hundred protesters , primarily whites and Puerto Ricans, were occupying the area in front of the school by noon. The next day 250 people attended James Powell’s funeral under surveillance of policemen. In another part of town, people were putting on a rally discussing the rising crime rate in Hharlem. The funeral ended without any problems but later on the rally took a turn for the worst. The crowds made their way to the rooftops and began throwing bricks and bottles. The police rushed to secure the buildings arresting rioters and CORE members. Over 1,000 people assembled at the intersection of 7th Avenue and 125th street. The police began to break the crowd down into mobs which ran in different directions. One group made their way to the Theresa Hotel and a Molotov cocktail was thrown at a police car injuring an officer. The police, authorized to use firearms, proceeded to fire in the air to hold off rioters on the rooftops. One man was found dead after being shot by one of the officers random rounds. On the fourth day, July 19-20th, 75 volunteers created an “outpost” on 125th Street and 8th Avenue to develop aid for teenagers and women in the closing riot. The group began arguing with two white reporters
On July 17th in Washington D.C., a white men initiated a riot after hearing that a black man had been accused of rape. They began attacking random black men, pulling them out of street cars or just beating those on the street. This lasted four days with 6 fatalities, four white and 2 Afro-American an estimated 50 people casualties.
Many rioted and got together in other cities to help protest the event(American Library). Their second try wasn’t a success either but on their sides they had Martin Luther King Jr, he set up another march and walked with the people down the bridge for a third time.
On the evening of August 11, 1965, in the corner of 116th and Avalon twenty-one year old Marquette Frye a black male and Watts resident was pulled over and arrested by Lee W. Minikus a white California highway patrolman, for suspicious of drunk driving during a routine traffic stop (Civil Rights Digital Library, 2013) The officer insisted to impound Frye vehicle although he was few blocks from home. His mother Rena and his brother Ronald were among with the crowds of people as they watch the arrest of Frye, tension began to erupt as violence exchange between the officers and the onlookers.
On the night of February 8, 1968, Orangeburg patrolmen opened fire on a group of students protesting against racial segregation. The conflict arose over time due to differentiating viewpoints on the topic of segregation and because African Americans were forbidden from entering private establishments. However, this conflict was resolved after the South Carolinian government compromised with racial protestors; protestors would serve jail time, and South Carolina would become a racially integrated state. This compromise led to the dwindle of violent protests. Due to the conflict of civil rights in 1968 in South Carolina, the South Carolinian government compromised and integrated a majority of the white only establishments, as a result of numerous protests across the state. One of the major protests, the Orangeburg Massacre, was a huge stepping stone towards persuading the South Carolinian government to creating the racially equal society that we know today.