APUSH Document Analysis and Questions Packet
The Growing Economic Crisis of the Late Nineteenth Century
Part A. 1. What did John D. Rockefeller believe was the key to stabilizing the oil industry? He believed that centralizing the administration, hard-working people that applied themselves and work together, and a monopoly – owning as much as they can – would stabilize the oil industry.
2. What were the weaknesses of each of the following methods of stabilizing the industry? a. Agreement: agreement was when each competitor agreed to certain standard prices and policies, but it was easily and quickly broken because people did not keep their promises ad people saw the chance to undersell the rival. b. Pool: the
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Explain how prices of coal, steel rails, and copper in 1871, 1876, and 1879 relate to points on the graph of the business cycle. The graph shows in 1871 there was an industrial overexpansion boom that resulted in the production of railroads; this called for more materials and caused the increase in price for the steel rails in the Document F chart. In 1876 there was there was the secondary post war depression causing things to go under causing the price of items to decline, causing the lower copper and steel rail prices in the chart. And in 1879 there was the gold resumption boom caused the prices to go down. All in all the prices of coal went down because of the over expansion, which led to less money being made to pay the employees, causing the rates to go up and down. 7. From the documents, what inferences can you make about the “disastrous effects of the business cycle” for each group below: d. Corporations: when the price of products went down, the more of the product that was made. But the cycle got better during the “War Boom”, but went down during the “post war depression.” e. Workers: the workers were given less money when the prices of the goods decreased.
Part C. 8. In what way do the above documents on labor union membership and the Knights of Labor philosophy reflect concerns of J.P. Morgan? The chart shows the rising number of workers, but an unstable number of union members,
The collapse of the stock market in 1929 marked the downfall of America along with the constant dustbowls. Document 3 shows a chart of the stock market crash of 1929 and how it increased the rate of unemployment in the United States. It
22. Which of the following labor organizations endorsed the philosophy of “bread and butter” unionism by concentrating on demands for higher wages, shorter hours, and improved working conditions?
The Knights of Labor represented the pinnacle of the up lift labor movement. They, at one time, had membership that numbered in the hundreds of thousands and nearly hit a million members. This organization was unique in its time because it espoused many of the ideals we hold today as statutory for an ethical and equitable society as well as employee and employer relationships. The Knights of Labor did not begrudge industry or capitalism, moreover they were less of a concern than the organization’s larger goal to protect and promote social equity in labor and society, for the common man.
Rockefeller was obsessed with controlling the oil market and used many of undesirable tactics to flush his competitors out of the market. Rockefeller was also a master of the rebate game. He was one of the most dominant controllers of the railroads. He was so good at the rebate that at some times he skillfully commanded the railroad to pay rebates to his standard oil company on the traffic of other competitors. He was able to do this because his oil traffic was so high that he could make or break a section of a railroad a railroad company by simply not running his oil on their lines. Another one of Rockefellers earlier mentioned but not explained tactics was his horizontally integrated monopoly. Rockefeller used this horizontal monopoly to set prices and force his competitors to merge with him. (All with Doc. J) Document J shows that Rockefeller had his tentacles, or his influence and power around every piece of the oil industry. That, also, includes the politicians and their support.
The period of time including the 1850s-1860s was considered the decade of crisis. This time period consisted of many abolitionist movements, rebellions, and an election in 1860. It also included secessions of states, and eventually triggered the civil war. There were two highly influential people involved in this decade; John Brown and Abraham Lincoln. They positively affected the United States of America.
In order to properly determine why union membership has declined in the blue-collar sector of American laborers, it is first necessary to elucidate some rather salient facts regarding this part of the country's work force. Blue-collar laborers are still represented in unions. They compromise approximately 35 percent of virtually all union membership in the U.S. and are some of the most important employees in the top 10 labor unions in the country. Therefore, it would hardly be accurate to say that there presences has been marginalized, or that they do not significantly contribute to the efforts of union laborers (Sloane &Whitney 8). In fact, one can verifiably argue that the very history of labor unions originated to account for these type of workers, and that they provided the very foundation upon which all labor unions stand.
The American economy is now one of the strongest economical countries in the world. The massive growth started in the 19th century when technological advances, an increase in immigration, urbanization, and the creation of business organizations began. Although there were major benefits to the massive growth of the American economy, there also were consequences that went along with it. The American economy in the 19th century transformed through technological advances, increase in immigration, urbanization, and the creation of business organizations.
The economic crisis of 1857 was a financial fear in the United States, and the worst economic downfall in 20 years. The continuous failure of businesses and banks created a panic in the overall economic recession. As many as 5,000 businesses failed and unemployment was on a rise. Americans panicked because there was a loss of confidence in an Ohio financial institution. Additionally, the railroads begin to fail and there was a fear that the U.S. Government would not be able to pay its obligations. The 1857 economic crisis plummeted because of the failure of a banking institution, Ohio Life Insurance and Trust Company, which was based in Cincinnati, Ohio. This large company had a major financial collapse due to the company’s New York City offices ceasing operations because of bad investments. Because of this financial fall, a chain of other setbacks took place, such as – British investors decided to remove funds from U.S. banks, grain prices fell, and rail routes disseminated which ruined thousands of investors (Huston, 1987).
The late nineteenth century was a time of social reformation. Questions about social roles, religion, and the overall progression of America arose from the new modernizing society. These questions would inevitably lead to political and social movements and make history. Social reform organizations made headlines across the nation and their movements towards developing positive social change. Frances Willard, a Christian suffragist, political activist, and reformer for gender equality, created awareness on political issues that have affected, what are now, basic societal standards.
“Account for the U.S economic volatility in the late 19th century (specific to the Gilded Age and Progressive Era)”
America’s Great Depression is believed as having begun in 1929 with the Stock Market crash, and ending in 1941 with America’s entry into World War II. In order to fully comprehend the repercussions and devastating effects of the Crash of 1929, it is important to examine the factors that contributed to the catastrophic event which led to The Great Depression. The Great Depression was the worst economic slump in U.S. history, and it spread to most of the industrialized world. Many factors played a role in bringing about the depression; however, the main cause for the Great Depression was the combination of the greatly unequal distribution of wealth throughout the 1920s, and the
a. Brikerhoff International, Inc. is currently in an economic boom following 8 years of economic depression
The first point the speaker makes is that the great depression lasted for a decade, many banks become insolvent. The another point the speaker makes is that slowly the recession also expanded in Europe also .Finally, the speaker stresses that by 1932 The total value of import down by almost
Countries have always competed with one another economically, to be the richest country. Society has pushed the notion that the more money a country possesses, the more successful that country is. Politicians argue over the national debt and the ways to reduce that. People’s lives revolve around money now and it is costing people their happiness and well-being. The government pushes for higher Gross Domestic Product, hoping that they will become the richest country. During an economic crisis, countries want to recover and have stability. All of this means that employees must work longer and harder. However, there are consequences when countries push their citizens too much. When employees work too much, they can become too stressed, ultimately damaging their health. People’s mental health begins to decrease and large epidemics begin spreading throughout nations. When people work too much, their social and family lives start to strain. As countries demand higher GDP, their people begin to suffer causing numerous deaths from overworking or suicide due to stress. Karoshi and karojisatu are Japanese words for the epidemic spreading throughout the world, where people are worked to death or commit suicide from overworking. In the United States, the word “workaholism” is similar to these epidemics. Instead of focusing on the population’s well-being, countries are only concerned with the economy, pushing employees to work long and stressful hours.
In analyzing the Churches of Christ today as they grapple with women in leadership, Lesley F. Massey points out that "those in the Stone-Campbell Movement who, in contrast, supported increasing women's rights in the nineteenth-century were able to do so by rejecting the traditional interpretation of relevant biblical texts such as 1 Cor 14 and 1 Tim 2, and in turn by moving away from a slavish biblical literalism." This turns the attention back to the issue of hermeneutical legacy- the adherence to a literalism which is rooted in a commitment to take the Bible at face value. Unfortunately, what has become apparent in the modern day hermeneutical commitment to understanding cultural differences, language nuances, and thematic content, is the