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The Effects Of Parkinson's Disease

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* Memories: Brain stores short-term memories of the experience in a part of the brain called the hippocampus, then those memories are later “consolidated” and transferred to another part of the brain, more precisely in neocortex, for a long-term storage;

Memory cells are placed in three parts of the brain, the hippocampus, the prefrontal cortex, and also the basolateral amygdala, which is responsible of emotional associations. In fact these cells are necessary to evoke the emotions linked with particular memories and they connect with hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.

* Parkinson: Parkinson’s disease affects dopamine producing cells of the brain; the symptoms include muscle rigidity, tremors, and changes in speech and gait. Parkinson's …show more content…

The loss of dopamine-producing cells in the substantia nigra leads to the movement-related symptoms. Head injuries and traumas, inflammations, and stress could all contribute to cell damage; it is thought that the dopamine loss is due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
In Parkinson's disease, shaking involves the arms, hands, rarely head, neck, and mouth; it is prominent when the patient is at rest [on the other hand, in essential or familial tremor, the hands and arms are quiet at rest; only if the patient attempts to perform a task, such as picking up a glass of water or simply writing, then the tremor shows up].
In Parkinson's disease, there is also slowness of movements, rigidity or stiffness of the muscles, which make movements difficult and walking harder.
In initial phase of Parkinson's disease, medications containing L-dopa or levodopa are effective, but the beta-blockers such as Inderal or propranolol, and Mysoline or primidone may have synergic actions as …show more content…

Many radiosurgical centers perform the procedures on outpatients overnight, and patients are able to return to normal life immediately without a long recovery period required for an open skull procedure, such as a radiofrequency thalamotomy or deep brain stimulator implantation.
Mediators: Within the human body there are lots of receptors receiving messages from biologic messengers to make appropriate responses. In the neurotransmission, there is the transmission of signals across a chemical synapse, from one neuron or nerve cell to another “target neuron”, muscle cell, or gland cell. As the matter of fact the Neurotransmitters are released from synaptic vesicles in synapses into the synaptic cleft, and then they are received by receptors on the target cells.
The adrenergic pathway is known as sympathetic nervous system commonly called “fight or flight”, while the cholinergic system is named the parasympathetic nervous system or commonly “digest and rest”. The main differences are neurotransmitters which respectively are norepinephrine or epinephrine (adrenaline) for the first system, and acetylcholine for the cholinergic one. Digest and rest would involve the gastrointestinal and genital organs while fight or flight expands for all the other organs. Receptors are either excitatory or

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