Spinach Chloroplast Lab Report

Have you ever really wondered how different variables can affect how plants go through photosynthesis? Well, in this experiment, the purpose was to see how various environmental conditions can affect the overall photosynthetic capacity of a specific plant. The factors, light, darkness, cold, and heat were applied to see how the different components would affect the photosynthesis on spinach plants. Each group was given a different factor to test. Out group was given the light factor. The hypothesis for this experiment is that when adding light as a factor, the light will affect the overall plant photosynthesis.

Abstract: The purpose of this lab is to separate and identify pigments and other molecules within plant cells by a process called chromatography. We will also be measuring the rate of photosynthesis in isolated chloroplasts. Beta carotene, the most abundant carotene in plants, is carried along near the solvent front because it is very soluble in the solvent being used and because it forms no hydrogen bonds with cellulose. Xanthophyll is found further from the solvent font because it is less soluble in the solvent and has been slowed down by hydrogen bonding to the cellulose. Chlorophylls contain oxygen and nitrogen and are bound more tightly to the paper than the other pigments.

The purpose of this lab is to determine the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration.The effect of Light Intensity experiment will show the rate of photosynthesis based on the amount of light from the light bulb, temperature, and direction and distance of the light, these variables determine the absorbance. In the effect of Light Wavelength experiment, photosynthesis is affected by different light colors. Photosynthesis in this experiment is more successful with certain colors due to different pigments in chloroplasts only absorbs certain wavelengths. The rate of photosynthesis will be estimating oxygen production in spinach leaf using floating leaf disk procedure. The more floating disks, the more oxygen being produces

The organism studied in these experiments was the Spinacia oleracea that was obtained from a local grocery store in Lincoln Nebraska. One experiment that was conducted was used to determine the rate of oxygen production of Spinacia oleracea in the dark. Another experiment conducted was used to determine the effect of light intensity on the net photosynthetic rate of a Spinacia oleracea. The effect of light wavelength on the net photosynthetic rate of a Spinacia oleracea was also conducted and observed. The last experiment conducted was conducted to identify the pigments in Spinacia oleracea in order to determine its chloroplast chromatography.

Enzymes are able to catalyse due to their globular structure which has a region on their surface that has a specific shape. This shape is complementary to the shape of the reactant or reactants of the reaction that the enzyme will catalyse. This region on the enzyme is referred to as the active site which binds to the substrate in order for the reaction to occur.

Abstract: During photosynthesis plants take light energy and turn it into chemical energy. The purpose of the study was to test the effect of various lighting conditions on the rate of photosynthesis. In this experiment the rate of photosynthesis is measured by timing how long it takes photosynthesis to occur in ten leaf disks that are in a solution of carbon dioxide. The prediction for this experiment was that if a plant receives more light, then it will have a higher rate of photosynthesis. The data supports the hypothesis, because the rate of photosynthesis is higher in direct sunlight than in the shade. This experiment untimely lead to the conclusions that light and carbon dioxide are necessary for photosynthesis to occur.

During this lab, spectroscopy and chromatography was used to determine the various properties and characteristics of fast green solution, chloroplasts and an unknown solution. The spectrometer helped determine the absorbance levels of each substance which was used in this experiment. The levels which were determined were used to find the concentration curve of the concentrated solution of fast green solution and the concentration of the given unknown 215. The chlorophyll solution presented a varied distribution in the absorbance levels which would eventually help us determine what wavelengths are absorbed by chlorophyll. Chromatography was used to separate the components of the chlorophyll (spinach) solution which revealed

Chloroplast Activity in Cells Questions & Hypothesis In wet lab two, our group decided to use the cells of broccoli to perform our experiments. Part one of our experiment was meant to focus on the presence of chloroplasts in solutions of isolation buffer and DCIP. Our group was attempting to find which cell fractionate solution contained the highest amount of broccoli chloroplasts after three separate suspensions were made (P1, P2, S2). The presence of chloroplasts in the solution is directly related to a decrease in measured absorption of 600 nm wavelengths by a spectrometer (Leicht and McAllister 85).

In this experiment, the process of chromatography was taken place in order to identify the different types of pigments present in spinach leaf. This was done by carrying out two types of experiments which are thin layer chromatography (TLC) and paper chromatography. Both of the experiments were done using a similar procedure except that they both used a different stationary phase. Paper chromatography used paper, whilst, TLC used a silica plate. Propanone was used as the extraction solvent for spinach leaves and chromatography solvent was used as the mobile phase in the experiment.

Without the SDH enzymes found in the inner mitochondrial membrane the DCIP does not get reduced, therefore there is no color change in the solution. The dependent variable of this experiment was the change in absorbance at 600 nm, as the differing number of mitochondria in the cell fractions is what causes the change in absorbance. The independent variable was the number of mitochondria in the cell fractions, as the mitochondria levels were manipulated, the values of reduction of DCIP varied. The control was the solution E1 (None), which contained no cauliflower cell fraction. This provided data that guaranteed a solution without any mitochondria present, that tubes E2-E4 could be compared to.

For this experiment, my group had several leaves of spinach and hole punched 40 disks out of the spinach leaf. In order to avoid any bias results, we made sure to avoid hole punching any veins in the spinach. After that we filled 4 cups each with 100 milliliters of carbon water. Each cup would have a different amount of salinity, the first cup would be the control group which would have no salt in it. The second cup would have ¼ of a teaspoon of salt in it, the third cup would have ½ of a teaspoon of salt in it, and the fourth cup would have ¾ of a teaspoon of salt in it.

The photosynthesis lab is comprised of three short experiments. These experiments showed how to understand and apply the absorbance spectrum and which colors and wavelengths correspond to visible light. In order to fully understand this absorbance spectrum and how to apply it, we initially prepared a substance comprised of acetone, a large spinach leaf and petroleum ether and measured its absorbance in the spectrophotometer. This showed us what wavelengths corresponded to the most absorption of the spinach leaf. It is understood that the least amount of absorbance should occur after 500 nm and the lower the number, the lower the absorbency. Thus, the 700 ranges is the very least amount of absorbency and the results showed us that the lowest amount of absorbance was around 740nm, which is an accurate, representation of this solution. Next, to understand what wavelengths of light drive the light reactions you can visibly see in photosynthesis, we used CMS in a variety of tubes and measured its absorbency under white light, no light, and colored filters such as red and green. We then used the chlorophyll extract we originally prepared and painted this on a chromatography strip. We measured the band distances to find out the number of pigments in the spinach leaf. These processes helped emphasize how the chloroplast pigment extract and chloroplast membrane suspension have different functional capabilities and how photosynthesis works.

In this examination, four tubes of the chloroplast (Dark, 24cm, 30 cm, and 49 cm), buffer solution, water and DPIP were set in different strengths of light to decide how the light, powerful influences the reaction rate. The response rate was measured using absorbance values in five-minute increments. The tubes were put at 24 cm away, 30 cm away, 49 cm away, and totally dull. The tube nearest the light caused the smallest absorbance value, while the dim tube had the most astounding absorbance values. As the light power builds, the absorbance esteem and rate of the response diminished.

The purpose of this lab was to observe the rate of photosynthesis under different light conditions. Small circles were hole punched out of the spinach leaves. Then a 0.2% solution of sodium bicarbonate was prepared. There were three cups with the solution along with ten leaf disks per cup. The cups were exposed to light for an hour and the number of floating disk was recorded.

If a red light is shown on the leaves, then the rate of photosynthesis will decrease. The experiment conducted shows that red light is not efficient for photosynthesis. When the discs were placed in front of the red light, the discs floated on a much slower pace than the discs in the white light. The hypothesis was correct; the discs floated much slower in the red light. This is probably because the red light appears much dimmer than the white light. Since the leaf needs light for photosynthesis, the light that is dimmer will work less efficiently.