[title] In 1969 we were still a people with our feet planted firmly to the ground. Having never sent anyone to walk on another celestial body other than our earth, all eyes were fixed on the skies as Apollo 11 took off, putting two men on the moon. For the first time in the history of mankind, we saw footprints on the moon. Those footprints, the markings of a new era of our world from the boots of Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin, resonated within the minds of many. In response to this monumental event, numerous texts were created which employed various types of rhetorical appeals and diction to effectively communicate their purpose of describing the events of this mission and the achievements associated. The four various works that were created effectively use multiple rhetorical appeals to display the author's purpose. “In event of Moon Disaster”, a speech written by President Nixon’s speechwriter William Safire in the event of a disaster that would strand the astronauts on the moon, employs heavy use of pathos throughout the entirety of the text. Pathos with the audience has already been established. The audience would already become familiar with the events that have transpired surrounding the failed Apollo 11 mission. The audience would have some type of feeling towards the loss of American lives even before hearing the prepared speech. Safire end the speech with “there is some corner of another world that is forever mankind” (Safire )which helps develop the feeling of
In the second text, “In Event of Moon Disaster” by William Safire, he also appealed to SOAPS and ethos logos and pathos. Although William might have written the speech, President Nixon was going to be the one to have read it aloud if all went downhill, so the speaker is Nixon. The occasion is the “funeral speech” he would have given if the mission was not successful. The audiences were all the Americans and loved ones of the astronauts on the mission, basically the entire world that was watching and waiting for the results of Apollo 11. The purpose of this speech was to address not only the families of the deceased loved ones but also the entire nation as well. It was to be used as a precaution just in case the first ever moon landing failed. The subject would be the worst case scenario of the moon landing. Nixon’s speech appealed to ethos because he is the president. By him having that title, it makes him a credible source because he's the one who must help guide the American people in the face of such tragedy. The speech appealed to logos by implying there was no chance of the astronauts making it back. Pathos was established because it was overall a very delicate subject. Safire used emotional connections with the audience by
Authors, people, and writers over time have used the available means of persuasion and making sure that they include what the rhetorical situation is. In the four texts about the 1969 Apollo 11 mission that talk about the first humans that landed on the moon, all were effective due to them showing ethos, pathos, logos, and soaps which are the rhetorical appeals that one has to use when making an argument in a rhetorical situation.
President Roosevelt?s speech establishes a few different examples of pathos. Pathos was the most reoccurring appeal in his speech. At the very beginning of the speech the president says, ?Yesterday, December 7th, 1941 ? a date which will live in infamy ? the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by navel and air forces of the Empire of Japan.? The fact that this day will forever be remembered by all citizens of the United States definitely appeals to people?s emotions. President Roosevelt also mentions, ?The attack yesterday on the Hawaiian islands has caused severe damage to American naval and military forces. I regret to tell you that very many American lives have been lost.? This is an effective appeal to pathos because death affects your emotions. Thousands of people were affected by this tragic event and I?m sure it touched many people?s emotions. In the middle of the speech president Roosevelt says that Japan also attacked Malaya, Hong Kong, Guam, the Philippine Islands, Wake Island, and Midway Island. This definitely appeals to the audiences emotions, especially if anyone had family or knew someone who lived over there.
An example of an effective text using the appeals would be “In Event of Moon Disaster” by former President Nixon’s speechwriter, William Safire in 1999. This text included both ethos and pathos which was about if a disaster occurred. William Safire’s speech in 1999 was an event of a disaster that left the citizens of the U.S mourned. Safire expressed pathos through the quote where he talked about how they will be remembered for their courage to accomplish this mission. An example would be, “They will be mourned by their families and friends; they will be mourned by their nation; they will be mourned by the people of the world; they will be mourned by a mother Earth that dared send two of her sons into the unknown.” In this quote Safire let his audience know that although two men lost their lives in the launch they will always be remembered. Safire also says, “ In their exploration, they stirred the people of the world to feel as one; in their sacrifice, they bind more tightly the brotherhood of man.” From this we can infer that these men sacrificed their lives to try to accomplish a mission that was almost impossible at the time due to lack of technology. With this being said, the audience was most likely to react in such a way that might have left them without a word because of the strong pathos and them being able to understand this event with some empathy.
In the four texts of the 1969 Apollo 11 mission in which it discusses the landing of the first humans on the moon, the texts were from Times of London, William Safire, novelist Ayn Rand, and Herblock. The head of the mission Apollo 11, was Neil Armstrong. Neil took a colleague named Edwin Colleague. The whole world was watching this tremendous event that shocked the world. President Nixon was seen as a powerful leader to have held and arrange such a suspense, horrific event. In the first text, “Man Takes First Step on the Moon”, by the Times, gives the perspective of Neil Armstrong and how all the leader around the world have given respect to the US for being the first to make it to the moon. The second text, “In the Event of Moon Disaster”, by William Safire, it gives the view of the people seeing the astronauts as heroes. In the third text, “ The July 16, 1969, Launch: A Symbol of Man's Greatness”, by Ayn Rand, is based on the perspective of a NASA guide. In the illustration of the cartoon, ”Transported”, by Herblock, shows the reality of society in the time of chaos. The rhetorical appeals, pathos, ethos, and logos are used in these texts to attempt to achieve its purpose.
In the London edition of the Times, the article “Man Takes First Steps on the Moon” describes the moon landing in detail, painting a picture for those who did not get to watch it live on a television. The speaker describes the event by using charged words with which they create a dramatic rendition which appeals to pathos. By doing this, the audience can feel as if they are next to the astronauts as they took their first steps. This use of pathos creates a certain emotion within the
On January 28th, 1986, Ronald Reagan used his stature as president to show sympathy for the country in the light of tragedy, in his speech entitled “Speech on the Challenger Disaster.” His main point expounds on the importance of the Challenger Disaster in the history of space exploration. He supports this claim by first explaining the effect the disaster had on the public, then offering his sympathy for the families of the astronauts as well as the entire nation, and finally declaring that the country must continue to explore space so the deaths of the astronauts were not in vain. Through Reagan’s use of rhetorical appeals, tone, and rhetorical tools he effectively persuades the American people to maintain confidence in NASA and in space exploration,
The speaker of this text is William Safire. The occasion also has to do with the moon landing, but it talks about what would have been said by President Nixon’s speechwriter if the mission was not successful. The audience would be the entire world, because it would have been a tragedy if it was not accomplished Safire would have told everyone in the planet about it. The purpose of this text would have been to let everyone know about the fatal deaths that happened in the attempt to have landed on the moon and to also let everyone know how they feel about losing these souls and that they would always be remembered. The subject of the text is to notify everyone in the world about the failure of the moon landing. Ethos is shown in the text because it is proving that it is credible and trustworthy since this would have been said by someone that President Nixon knew. Pathos is also displayed in the text because it claims that, “ They will be mourned by their families and friends; they will be mourned by their nation; they will be mourned by the people of the world; they will be mourned by a mother Earth that dared send two of her sons into the unknown.” This proves that there is emotions and everyone would have been very sorrowful and depressed for the lives that had just been lost. Logos is shown in the text by stating the year in which it was released and since it said it was “prepared” then that means that it was written ahead of time before it was released,
Though connecting the speaker, the audience, and the subject are important for an author, it is also crucial to use literary appeals to draw in readers successfully. One of the appeals used- ethos- shows Safire’s credibility when he was the president’s speechwriter. In addition, logos, which appeals to readers through logic, was displayed since the speech was mourning the astronauts. The mood of what was supposed to be a joyous event becomes somber in that the president has to state the unimaginable disaster that could’ve happened. With this, the author uses pathos by honoring the two astronauts for their mettle and stating that all of America would be mourning them. Also, the tone becomes solemn and encouraging because the author displays the pathos in that way. Safire includes that “ in their exploration, they stirred the people of the world to feel as one; in their sacrifice, they bind more tightly the brotherhood of man” which makes the reader feel sad but proud to have such men to “serve” the
When people think of a time where all of America was under attack they think of 9/11. 9/11 was one of the deadliest terrorist attacks in American history. After this deadly attack, President George W. Bush went on national television to talk to the shaken American population. In his speech, he addressed how this issue was to be dealt and his condolences for the lives lost. President Bush used multiple effective ways including ethos, pathos, and logos to comfort and inform his people in his 9/11 speech.
On September 20, 2001, President George W. Bush made a speech on the terrorist attack, which took place on September 11, 2001. The people of America needed support and direction on how to handle what just happen. The American people demanded that the President addresses the Nation after the attacks and guide them. Nine days later, President Bush did just that. Over the next few days, emotions ran high in the country. “Will this happen again?” “Is it safe to leave in my home?” many wondered. Everywhere throughout the Nation, airlines had stopped service, the New York Stock Exchange was temporarily suspended, and every tv channel around the country played the latest news about the attack. The American people understandably asked and asked “What’s next?” from their leaders, so when President Bush gave his
The first trip to the moon where mankind got to step foot in was a huge deal to the entire world. A total of four texts related to the 1996 Apollo 11 mission that landed the first humans on the moon will be analyzed. The purpose, the interaction with SOAPS and ethos, logos and pathos will be defined. Between the four texts two are effective and the other two will be ineffective.
When the crew of Apollo 11 splashed down in the Pacific Ocean on July 24, 1969, Americans hailed the successful completion of the most audacious and complex technological undertaking of the 20th century: landing humans on the moon and returning them safely to earth. Just over eight years before, when President John F. Kennedy proposed the manned lunar landing as the focus of the United States' space program, only one American - Lt. Comdr. Alan B. Shepard, Jr. - had been into space, on a suborbital lob shot lasting 15 minutes. At the end of the first lunar landing mission, American astronauts had logged more than 5,000 man-hours in space. To the extent that any single event could, the first successful lunar landing mission marked the
On May 25, 1961, Congress met in a joint session to hear the American president, John F. Kennedy, address them in a speech he referred to as a second State of the Union. In his speech, the young president geared America for a race that would send men to the moon. Kennedy challenged America to “take longer strides” and to take a “leading role in space achievement, which, in many ways, may hold the key to our future on earth” (Burrows 330-331). America rose to the challenge, and within a decade, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin were walking on the moon, becoming the first of the human race to walk on a world besides our own. The giant strides of which Kennedy challenged us soon slowed
These words were heard by over 35,000 people at the Rice Stadium as President John F. Kennedy addressed the progress of US space exploration. Four years earlier, with the successful launch of Sputnik 1 by the USSR, the American people were sure they were on the losing end of the Space Race. This is when JFK steps in reassuring and reliving hope in Americas space superiority. He informally asks the nation to collectively commit to completing a goal “before this decade is out, of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth”. Highlighting past accomplishments, effective usage of rhetorical appeals, and the inspirational nature of the speech makes it stand out as one of the most influential public speeches in history.