Heart Review Sheet 30

Based on the external observation, the left side of the heart appeared bigger than the right side. When looking at the heart internally, the right ventricle pumps the blood to the lungs, and the left ventricle to the rest of the body. Therefore the left ventricle needs to be stronger and bigger, than the right ventricle, as it has a larger role in the functioning the heart.

1. The pulmonary circuit is supplied by which ‘side” of the heart? The systemic circuit? The right atrium

The cardiovascular system, however, would not be able to effectively complete these functions without help from what is sometimes referred to as the body’s hardest-working organ- the heart. Approximately the size of a fist, the heart is contains four chambers (the uppermost are called the atria and the lowermost are called the ventricles) and four valves. Additionally, the heart is surrounded by the pericardium, a structure that serves to protect the heart, keep the heart stabilized in the chest, and

In a normal human being the heart correctly functions by the blood first entering through the right atrium from the superior and inferior vena cava. This blood flow continues through the right atrioventricular valve into the right ventricle. The right ventricle contracts forcing the pulmonary valve to open leading blood flow through the pulmonary valve and into the pulmonary trunk. Blood is then distributed from the right and left pulmonary arteries to the lungs, where carbon dioxide is unloaded and oxygen is loaded into the blood. The blood is returned from the lungs to the left

Oxygen poor blood fills the right atrium from either the superior or inferior vena cava.

Oxygen and nutrients the body requires for function are pumped around this complex network of blood vessels by the heart. At roughly the size of a human fist, the heart is a four-chambered muscle and performs two functions of circulation simultaneously and continuously. Systemic and pulmonary circulation. The heart is made up from three separate layers of cardiac tissue; the outer layer called the pericardium, which is a double sac-like outer covering with serous fluid inside to keep the middle layer, the myocardium from adhering to the outer layer. This middle layer of the heart is the heart muscle which is thicker on the left side, to aid with the pressure needed to sustain systemic circulation. The inner layer of the heart is the endocardium. It’s lining is smooth to help prevent the blood which circulates around the inside of the heart from clotting. The heart is the human body’s in-built pacemaker, and the electrical signals sent through the it cause the heart to contract and relax. This process is triggered by the autonomic nervous system and the contraction and relaxing cycle is

I was able to observe each of the atriums and ventricles, along with the aorta and valves. I compared the left and the right side, seeing how they are different in size along with different valves and muscles. With looking at the heart I labeled all different parts those including, right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle, tricuspid valve, aorta, aortic valve, papillary muscle, septum, and bicuspid valve.

aortic valve, and ascending aortic arch. The right side has to work harder but can't sustain

2. Discuss the anatomical differences between frog and human hearts. The frog heart has a single ventricle and two atria.

The right and left side of the heart are similar in structural components. Both sides contain a AV valve, semilunar outflow valve and smooth and muscular parts. The main difference between the two sides is size. The muscle of the left ventricles is thicker than the right side. The cavities are the same size and pump the same amount of blood. The left ventricle pumps with more power to profuse the entire body. The right ventricle profuse the lungs. The systemic resistance of the left ventricle is much higher than the pulmonary flow. The right

has to go through the heart twice and this is why it is called a

The S-A node signal is delayed by the atrioventricular node to allow the full contraction of the atria that allows the ventricles to reach their maximum volume. A sweeping right to left wave of ventricular contraction then pumps blood into the pulmonary and systemic circulatory systems. The semilunar valves that separate the right ventricle from the pulmonary artery and the left ventricle from the aorta open shortly after the ventricles begin to contract. The opening of the semilunar valves ends a brief period of isometric (constant volume) ventricular contraction and initiates a period of rapid ventricular ejection.

During inspection of the heart assessment observe abnormal finding. Inspect the jugular vein and the carotid artery. Note pallor or cyanotic skin color, temperature, turgor, texture, and clubbing of finger. Observe for swelling, edema and ulceration. Clubbing is a sign of chronic hypoxia caused by a lengthy cardiovascular or respiratory. Poor cardiac output and tissue perfusion is noted by cyanosis and pallor. For dark-skinned, inspect his mucous membranes for pallor. Decreases or absent of pulse with cool, pale, and shiny skin, and hair loss to the area, and the patient may have pain in the legs and feet may indicate arterial insufficiency. Ulcerations typically occur in the area around the toes, and the foot usually turns deep red when dependent

AORTA: Located superior tot he heart between the two atriums, was reddish in color and bean-shaped, the Vena Cava was attached at the dorsal side of the ventricle, and it was blue in color with a threadish appearance.

6. Automaticity – ability of heart to beat spontaneously and repetitively without external neurohormonal control. The heart is capable of beating outside the body, given proper laboratory conditions. Automaticity is evidently linked to fluid and electrolyte balance rather than to nervous system control.