Mary the Nursing Student
Mary is 39 -year-old LPN and single mother who is attending a local community college to prepare for an A.S. degree in nursing so she can then become an RN. Mary has not been feeling well for several months. She has had bouts of nausea, a low fever, and has found that she no longer enjoys eating and smoking as much as she used to. She has also noticed that her urine is darker than usual and she has yellowing of her eyes. She has noted that she has a puffy appearance. Results of blood tests at her doctor’s office reveal that her ALT, AST , alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin levels are elevated and that she also has an elevated count of lymphocytes. Further tests reveal that she is positive for the presence
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Hepatitis C, when looking at the endocrine system, can cause thyroid disease as well as type 2 diabetes mellitus. If the liver is not breaking down lipids, amino acids, and proteins that are vital to these systems and hormones then it will result in the before mentions dysfunctions.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19079271
What impact does the illness have on the blood’s ability to clot? Include the role of vitamin K and the specific clotting proteins affected. Also discuss platelet production. Describe the test that is typically run to test the blood’s clotting ability.
The liver becomes so diseased and damaged that it can no longer produce appropriate amounts of clotting factor and hormones to make platelets. “Vitamin K must be present in order for the liver to synthesize some of the clotting factors, including prothrombin, interleukin-6, multi-CSF, and fibrinogen.” p 664 If the blood is unable to clot then the patient will continue to bleed to the point that a liver transplant is necessary. Prothrombin a peptide hormone produced in the kidneys that accelerates platelet formation. Interleukin-6 is a hormone that stimulates platelet formation. Multi-CSF is a hormone that stimulates platelet production by promoting the formation and growth of megakaryocytes. p.660 If all of these hormones are
Mary Stewart was born December 7, 1542. Her father was James V, King of Scotland and her mother was Mary of Guise of France. Mary was the third child and only daughter of James V and Mary of Guise, since both of her twin brothers had died before she was born at Linlithgow Palace, Scotland. Seven days after Mary was born, James V, died and his infant daughter succeeded to the Scottish throne. Mary Stewart became Mary, Queen of Scots.
In the hospital patient and the health professional that patients have a certain specific right and must be treated as a person with dignity. They are neither mere objects to be manipulated by a professional nor subservient individual who has waived their right simple by becoming hospital patient. In Confucius ' teachings, ritual encompassed both moral practices, respect and traditional values. Confucius taught that there were mutual obligations arising between members of social relationships, for example, as between Husband and Wife, Parents and Children, Older Brother and Younger Brother, and so on. From the reads, Lisa’s articles and confess it seems both theories describes the values and morals and the relationship of humanity. However, in the article in defense of the traditional nurse, writing by Lisa H. Newton, she shows that nurse should be fully traditional become a nurturing synthetic mother of the patient.
Mary Jane Safford stood in the midst of battle tending to the wounded while waving her white flag, her handkerchief tied to a pole, as a flag of truce. She was known as the “Cairo Angel” as her face would brighten wounded soldier’s days. As stated in the article “Mary Jane Safford” by Maggie Maclean, “Safford’s sweet, young face, full of benevolence, pleasant voice and winning manner that instate her in everyone's heart. Every sick and wounded soldier in Cairo knows and loves her, and as she enters the ward, every pale face brightens at her approach. She is performing a noble work... in the quietest and most unconscious manner.” Mary Jane Safford was a heroic nurse who saved many lives during the Civil War.
On October 20, 2017, the Student Government Association (SGA) conducted a survey to students at the University of Mary Washington about President Paino’s draft of An Investment of Hope for the Future: A Strategic Vision for the University of Mary Washington. The purpose of the survey was to gather student feedback about Goal 1: Promoting the values of service and social justice, Goal 2: Reconstituting the liberal arts for the digital age, Goal 3: Immersing our students in applied, impactful learning experiences, Goal 4: Creating a diverse and inclusive community as an essential requirement for academic excellence and academic success, and the actions steps supporting each goal.
17. Cirrhosis is a consequence of chronic liver disease where the tissue becomes fibrotic. How could this disease impact the blood
Platelets are not really cells in a way. As Marieb (2012) mentions,” They are fragments of bizarre multinucleate cells called megakaryocytes (meg″ah-kar′e-o-sītz), which pinch off thousands of anucleate platelet “pieces” that quickly seal themselves off from the surrounding fluids” (p. 344) The liver helps produce blood clotting factors. If it is not in working order then the person is not able to stop bleeding as easily as someone who has a properly working liver. There is a correction to help produce the proper amount of blood clotting factors and that is to take Vitamin K.
Leads to a reduced ability to form blood clots due to a decreased number of platelets.
SLE is a systemic autoimmune disease, where the body’s immune system wrongly attacks healthy tissue, and affects many of the internal organs in the body. SLE is most likely to damage the heart, skin, lungs, kidneys, joints, blood vessels, liver, and nervous system. SLE is a chronic inflammatory disease understood to be type III hypersensitivity responses, with some type II hypersensitivity involvement. Jillian’s complete blood count revealed she has low red blood cell and hemoglobin levels. Her result was 2.8 cells/mcL while the reference range is 3.90-5.03 cells/mcL for red blood cell count and 10.0 g/dL while the reference range is 12.0-15.5 g/dL for hemoglobin, resulting in anemia. With Type II hypersensitivity and hemolytic anemia, IgM antibodies bind to red blood cells and causes the agglutination of the red blood cells, resulting in a low red blood cell count. Hemolytic anemia explains Jillian’s symptoms of fatigue and shortness of breath. An indirect consequence of hemolytic anemia is the splenomegaly and pre-hepatic jaundice. The red blood cell breakdown and excretion of bilirubin resulted in Jillian’s high bilirubin total count in the blood chem panel, her value was 2.1 MG/DL when the average reference range is 0.2-1.3 MG/DL. With type III hypersensitivity immune
Although vitamin K along with FFP administration (often 15mL/kg), is currently considered the standard of care for reversal of VKAs, PCC offers an advantageous alternative. PCC is a derivative of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) that contains concentrated inactivated factors II, VII, IX, X, protein C and protein S. Clinically, there are two types of PCC available: three factor (3F-PCC) and four factor (4F-PCC), which are classified by the amount of factor VII the product contains.1 Every brand of PCC contains different concentrations of each clotting factor and antithrombotic components. For example one brand, Octaplex, contains; FII 11-38IU/ml, FVII 9-24IU/kg, FIX 25 IU/ml, FX 18-30IU/kg, protein C 7-31IU/ml, protein S 7-32IU/ml.5
When Mary and I met up this week the first thing she said was she wanted to talk about her work with the ERA some more. She told me that after reading the adamant it really ignited something within her and that she couldn’t understand why it was so difficult for women to be treated the equally as everyone else. She work only green and white for five years and for two years she picketed at a mormon temple in Bellevue, Washington. She also when to Utah as an ERA missionary to talk with women about equal rights. She said she continued on with her Civil Disobedience and modeled her behavior after Alice Paul one of the founders of the National Woman’s Party.
Platelet transfusions may be given to people who are having severe bleeding episode. Minor bleeding from sites that can be seen, such as teeth and gums can be controlled by a local application of thrombin. Nosebleeds may require nasal packing (cocaine has been used on packing material) as well as platelet transfusion. Antifibrinolytic drugs (rare) may help control bleeding and tooth decay. Heavy menstrual cycles may require hormonal therapy to help control bleeding. Patients are likely to require multiple transfusions during their lifetime; doctors try to avoid platelet alloimmunization. Prevention of alloimmunization is best accomplished by using leukocyte depleted blood products. The only way to accomplish blood products with leukocyte depletion is with mechanical filtration. Only filtered blood products should be given. Another attempt in preventing alloimmunization is the use of HLA- matched platelets. Patients should be vaccinated for hepatitis B, due to the risk of infection associated with multiple transfusions. Patients should always avoid medications that affect platelet functions, such as aspirin in known blood thinners like warfarin. They should also avoid any nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) such as ibuprofen and naproxen. These drugs can prolong bleeding
This quote connects to both Wes #1 and Wes #2 because their mothers were not able to go to attend college due to lack of financial stability from their parents; also their parents were immigrants that came to America and that contributes to their chance of not being able to attend higher education. Mary and Joy were not able to go to college for financial reasons and had to work tremendously to support their family; this resulted in their family to be classified under the lower class. People that are born and raised in America already have a foundation from their parents that will support them financially unlike immigrants.
The blood clotting process known as the coagulation cascade is complex and sophisticated which involves a multi-step. The coagulation process does more durable repairs of the vessel and very essential for closing up larger wounds and maintaining the platelet plug which allows for the formation of thrombus, or clot to form. The cascade process of coagulation is chain reaction because one step leads to next events. In each step of cascade produces a new protein of enzymes or catalysts. The Coagulation cascade leads to three different pathway an intrinsic pathway or an extrinsic pathway and at the end both of which lead to a common pathway. There are 12 known clotting factors involved in three different pathway of coagulation cascade including
My name is Maryta Oeun, and I have scheduled for the office tour this Friday at 2pm. Unfortunately, I could not make it to your office tomorrow due to my illness. I am so sorry for any inconvenience. I hope I may have another opportunity to visit your office in the future.
ISSN 2320-5407 International Journal of Advanced Research (2015), Volume 3, Issue 12, 1539 –15481546INR levels were less in PVT group than control group but in patients with early stages of liver cirrhosis, no differences in their levels was found between the 2 groups. Therefore, patients with advanced liver cirrhosis and less prolonged coagulation parameters appear to carry a higher risk of PVT compared with patients with advanced liver cirrhosis and markedly prolonged coagulation parameters. These findings were also reported by Weber et al. (19)in their study on cirrhotic patients with PVT. The platelet levels were also lower with advanced stages of liver disease possibly from hypersplenism, immune mechanisms and/or decreased production of thrombopoietin synthesis in the liver (23).Our study demonstrated that platelet count inversely proportionate with degree of liver decompensation. In patients with Child 's class C, the decrease in platelet count in PVT group was less than that of control group. These results werein agreement with Francoz et al. (24)and Donglei et al. (21)who reported that cirrhotic patients with PVT had higher platelet level in comparison with cirrhotic patients without PVT and advanced stages of liver disease. From the previous results we can conclude that, in cirrhotic patients the impact of portal hypertension and deficiency of natural