How Did Gordon Bennett Influence Australian Colonialism

The author uses tone and images throughout to compare and contrast the concepts of “black wealth” and a “hard life”. The author combines the use of images with blunt word combinations to make her point; for example, “you always remember things like living in Woodlawn with no inside toilet”. This image evokes the warmth of remembering a special community with the negative, have to use outdoor facilities. Another example of this combination of tone and imagery is “how good the water felt when you got your bath from one of those big tubs that folk in Chicago barbecue in”. Again the author’s positive memory is of feeling fresh after her bath combined with a negative, the fact that it was a barbecue drum.

Describe and explain Australian Indigenous people’s historical and contemporary connections to land and sea and the resources derived from them. How have settler discourses associated with colonization affected these connections to country?

This work examines the past and also imagines the future by using references of past racial murders and the way they coincide with the present context and explore Australian Indigenous and non-Indigenous culture in the present-day. Ah Kee created this series of artworks in response to the apparent police cover up of the death of a young man in their custody, for protection of

The notion of the contemporary indigenous identity and the impact of these notions are both explored in texts that have been studied. Ivan Sen’s 2002 film ‘Beneath Clouds’ focuses on the stereotypical behaviours of Indigenous Australians highlighting Lina and Vaughn’s journey. This also signifies the status and place of the Australian identity today. Through the use of visual techniques and stereotypes the ideas that the Indigenous are uneducated, involved in crime and the stereotypical portrayal of white people are all explored. Similarly the notion of urban and rural life is represented in Kennith Slessor’s ‘William Street’ and ‘Country Towns’.

Gray uses the images of an “Aboriginal, not attempting to hitch, outside town” to emphasise the discomfort and disconnection he feels with land and the environment around him. This image is very strong as it shows his disempowerment towards the environment. He feels lost in this town so he moves away from the foreign constructions.

The ‘colonisation' of Australia by Europeans has caused a lot of problem for the local Aborigines. It drastically reduced their population, damaged ancient family ties, and removed thousands of Aboriginal people from the land they had lived on for centuries. In many cases, the loss of land can mean more than just physical displacement. Because land is so much connected to history and spirituality, the loss of it can lead to a loss of identity. This paper will examine the works of Tim Rowse and Jeremy Beckett as well as other symbols of identity that are available to modern Aborigines in post colonial Australia.

In the corner of the present Australian flag resides a miniature Union Jack. Millions of these flags fly throughout Australia, providing the Aboriginal people with a constant reminder of the British presence in Australia. By 1788, Britain appeared to be an imperializing superpower; they had control of India and many places in Africa and had just lost the colonies in America. In 1788, Captain James Cook arrived on the east coast of Australia and just like Britain had done many times before, Cook claimed the land for Britain. Evidence suggests that, in doing so, he failed to recognize that there were people who had been living off this land for over 50,000 years, termed the Aboriginal people. Britain established Australia as a penal colony, and drove Aboriginals off their land in order to make room for both prisoners and free settlers. These first encounters set the stage for the next 300 years of interactions between the Aborigines and the British. Until the beginning of the 21st century, the British seem to have seen the Aborigines as a primitive people and the only way to “deal” with them was through strict control and enforcing British customs. While some may argue that the British were trying to protect the Aboriginal people, a closer look into their aggressive arrival and unwanted control reveals that the British did not appear impact the Aboriginal people in a positive way, but instead perpetrated centuries

The setting has a strong focus on multiculturalism as represented through the numerous depictions of Indigenous Australian, as well as multiple other cultures, traditional artefacts, food, dress and language. This was mostly depicted through creative means such as: images on the walls of multiple cultures different food and dress; flags representing Australia, Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders; boomerangs; and Aboriginal artwork created by the children at the setting. These local Indigenous artefacts and cultural aspects being incorporated into the rooms reflects a connection to place-based pedagogy, specifically Somerville’s post modern emergence of connection to place due to ability of creative expression to allow place to be experienced, interpreted and understood. The inclusion of using methods of traditional Aboriginal forms of artwork that were then used to create artwork by the children themselves allowed a

Lindt is best known for his images of native peoples from all around Australia and New Zealand during the 1870s. Influenced largely by the Western colonialism of his time, Lindt took part in a widespread enthusiasm for classifying the physical and cultural differences that existed between foreign racial and social groups of people. His untitled photograph of an Australian Aboriginal man holding an axe provides an excellent example of his style and motivations. The Aboriginal man that Lindt used as his subject is dressed in a traditional loincloth type garment and he is strategically posed with primitive and culture-specific artifacts such as his axe and a shield. His body is toned, his skin is dark and weathered, and his hair and beard are wild and unkempt. The man is placed in front of an artificial backdrop of rugged mountains and surrounded by native plants. The image feels rather posed and sterile which supplements the fact that it was created to document what Aboriginal people look like, dress like, and live like for classification purposes. He puts their “Otherness” on display so that Western people can learn about them and visually experience their exoticism in a manner that objectifies the person within the image and robs them of a certain element of their own humanity. Instead of being portrayed as the man that he naturally is, Lindt turns the subject of his photograph into an anthropological representation for the entire race of Aboriginal people which is quite

This is because it shows the inequality between British and the Aboriginals. It clearly shows that the new comers of the land, the British ruled the true custodians of the land. The British took what they wanted and only gave the Aboriginals the title of the traditional owners. This satirical cartoon is explicit as it stated clearly and in detail, leaving no room for confusion or doubt. There are many values and beliefs represented in this satirical cartoon. The value or belief shared by the aboriginals is that their rightful land has been taken away from their without any consent. They have been stripped of their belongings and resources. In the cartoon, it can be seen that the British Governor claim that they own the land, the mineral rights, natural resources, fishing and timber. However, the British Governor is only willing to give the Aboriginals a title claiming that they are the traditional owners of the land without giving them any of their land or possessions of the land. In the cartoon, the Aboriginals are portrayed to be listening to what the British Governor is saying. The British Governor is overall portrayed as the ‘superior’ one who is positioned at a desk which shows how highly ranked he his. Whereas, the Aboriginals are portrayed to be listening to what the British Governor is claiming to be right. This is clearly a negative portrayal as the land rightfully belongs to the Aboriginals. It shows how the British assume that they can just take the land and resources without the permission of the true custodians of the

“Ruins of a Great House” is a symbolic poem written by Derek Walcott that tries to explain the British Imperialism system by referring an abandoned house as a colony under the British Empire. He describes the poor condition of an abandoned house, it’s surroundings and tries to visualize the effect of British imperialism in the then society. Walcott talks about the effect of British Imperialism to establish colonial slavery, the awful treatment of slaves, and the gradual destruction of the imperialism system.

This essay compares and contrasts the work of two artists working in Australia since the 1960s on the themes of migration, diaspora or cross-cultural heritage. It discusses themes explored in their work and what issues these artists face in presenting their work in Australia? The first work by Kathy Temin, ‘My Monument: Black Garden’, 2010/11 whose background as a descendant of the Holocaust is compared and contrasted to Imants Tillers, Diaspora Series, 1992-96, a series created partly in response to political events in Latvia, 1990. The works address issues of diaspora and both artists revisit the past, returning to the land of their heritage. A sense of belonging is one of the key issues they face as Australian artists. Temin understands the importance of objects as a means of remembering another culture, a sense of displacement and loss, whilst Tillers senses a connection with his inherited culture and upbringing. Their work addresses the issues and will be discussed in more detail.

Through these pieces of art, we understand an increasing drama that was beyond their control, and that had a devastating effect on their lives. “But this may be adopting to European a view on art as representation. Painting was also a means of bringing objects under control, incorporating them within Aboriginal ways of understanding the world and making them part of Aboriginal universe.” Paddy Fordham Wainburranga applies this idea in “How World War II began” (1990, Canberra) : planes, Western people, Aborigines, birds are painted on wood. He found a way to incorporate outsiders (the Europeans with their boat and planes, cattle, horses and guns into Aborigines rather than being themselves dissolved into invaders history).

This essay identifies the primary factors which led to the colonisation of Australia and Indigenous Australian peoples while explaining how ‘race’ theories were used to justify colonising Australia. Many factors led to the colonisation of Australia including British Imperialism, but the penal colony was very important so the British pushed on, whether they had the right to or not. ‘Race’ was a theory and using sources, this essay explores different opinions and perspectives of the ‘race’ theories. The Indigenous Australian people were on the lower end of the Great Chain of Being and therefore, were treated as inferior to the Europeans.

Abstract: The themes and issues discussed in Post-colonial poetry are much the same as in fiction. After the withdrawal of colonialism the Caribbean islands were fragmented as they had no unified history or identity. Walcott, as a Caribbean poet, created a great poetry that highlighted the themes of memory, displacement, loss of history, exile, brutality and tried to celebrate the rejected or little known aspects. Walcott as a poet represented through his poetic forms the unfortunate encounters of people and islands with alien, hostile forces. He had used iconography in his poetry and sensitively mark each aspect of his natural world from stones, rocks, trees, flowers, birds, animals, climatic changes and even the blowing of the wind and tried