Essay on How Cancer Effects the Cells, the Body, and their Offspring

Inherited genetic mutations play a major role in about 5 to 10 percent of all cancers.

1. What is the likelihood that any of their children (sons and/or daughters) will be born with the disorder?

Cells are the basic units of structure and function in an organism, and Cells come only from the reproduction of existing cells.

1. What is a mutation? A permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene.

This disease is genetically inherited and is a dominant characteristic, therefore unfortunately the offspring of a victim has 50% chance of inheriting the disease.

This happens when an affected parent has one recessive gene and one dominant gene whereas the other has two recessive genes, which allows two children to get two recessive genes meaning they will not be affected. Whereas the other two have one dominant gene meaning they will be affected by the disease.

a premature cell that hasn’t “decided” what kind of cell to be. It will duplicate itself, and repair

When a tumor suppressor gene is effected by a mutation, it loses its control over the cell and the cell does not stop to get inspected. When this happens, the mutation is copied, the cell divides and damage is passed down to the newly formed daughter cells. The mutation then becomes permanent and the now mutated cell will continue to divide and proliferate when it normally would not.

) Introduction. What is a dominant pathogenic mutation? Is the KID syndrome a dominant pathogenic disease? Explain.

The body is made up of hundreds of millions of living cells. Normal body cells grow, divide, and die in an orderly fashion. During the early years of a person’s life, normal cells divide faster to allow the person to grow. After the person becomes an adult, most cells divide only to replace worn-out or dying cells or to repair injuries. Cancer begins when cells in a part of the body start to grow out of control. There are many kinds of cancer, but they all start because of out-of-control growth of abnormal cell (American Cancer Society, 2010).

In the research paper, Transfer of a malignant trait to BRCA1 deficient human fibroblasts following exposure to serum of cancer patients by Dana Hamam and her colleagues, the idea of any cells within the human body that contain a single oncosuppressor mutation and can assimilate cancer factors and endure a successful malignant transformation is explored. Hamam first goes into detail about the background of cancer. A person that is diagnosed with cancer, it is usually the metastasis (the spreading) of cancer that instigates the poor healthy and possible death of the individual. Due to the statistic, Dana Hamam reviewed a piece of literature that explained the possibility of that the primary tumor cells may not be the only thing spreading throughout the body of cancer patients, but cancer cell-derived factors may also be making their way through the body as well. These cancer cell-derived factors, in theory, would create a niche that would allow malignant cancer cells to take host in other organs in the body. The factors could be numerous things such as proteins or nucleic acids that may perhaps be either floating around in the bloodstream or hitching a ride in exosomes (small extracellular membrane-enclosed vesicles). This process of trait transfers through blood circulating factors is named genometastasis. Hamam actually did an experiment on human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) that was exposed to cancer. Those embryonic kidney cells were transformed into malignant cancer

Cells are some of the smallest organisms around. All living things consist of cells, and yet they are invisible to the naked eye. Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life. Cells are made up of many different parts which allow them to function properly.

cause as it takes a long time for a cell to become cancerous, as there

Cancer occurrs by the production of multiple mutations in a single cell that causes it to proliferate out of control. Cancer cells often different from their normal neighbors by a host of specific phenotypic changes, such as rapid division rate, invasion of new cellular territories, high metabolic rate, and altered shape. Some of those mutations may be transmitted from the parents through the germ line. Others arise de novo in the somatic cell lineage of a particular cell. Cancer-promoting mutations can be identified in a variety of ways. They can be cloned and studied to learn how they can be controlled.

If Lisa conceived this child naturally, it would have a 25% chance of developing the condition also.