Eukaryotic Cell Structure

Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. The chromosomes which are found in prokaryotes are usually spread in the cytoplasm. In eukaryotic cells the chromosomes remain together inside the nucleus and there is a clear nuclear membrane that is surrounding the nucleus.

“Eukaryotic cells are complex and include all animal and plant cells. Prokaryotic cells are smaller and simpler, e.g. Bacteria” - (AQA 2008)

There are several different organelles which allow the cell to carry out its function which is reproduction and growth. There are important organelles that the eukaryotic cell needs, one of which is that the nucleus is present. The nucleus acts as the brain of the eukaryotic cell. DNA is found in the nucleus which holds all the genes and also controls the cell. The cells function is to reproduce, which needs the nucleus to do this. To carry out another function which is to reproduce, the chromosomes which are found in the DNA are needed and copied. The cell also needs a lot of energy for this. The energy is created by the eukaryotic cell’s other organelle which is mitochondria. The mitochondria make energy out of food and then give the cell the energy it needs to carry out its function. The lysosome then digests enzymes which breaks down the

On the planet, Earth, prokaryotic and eukaryotic are the two major types of cells. Prokaryotic cells are defined as cells with genetic material and cell chemicals all enclosed within a cell wall, and having no defined organelles or nucleus (except ribosomes). Organisms in this group are small in size and mainly consist of bacteria. Eukaryotic cells, however, are defined as having a ‘’true’’ nucleus, membrane-bound organelles, and chromosomes. The nucleus of eukaryotic cells houses the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and directs the synthesis of proteins and ribosomes. Prokaryotic cells, however, are much older cells as these cells are quite ancient and were the only form on planet Earth for billions of years, soon giving birth to eukaryotic cells 1.5 billion years ago.

Within prokaryotes and eukaryotes there are various similarities, but also differences. First, prokaryotes are cells without a true nucleus. Instead they have a nucleoid that houses their DNA. Eukaryotes on the other hand are cells with a nucleus and a nuclear membrane. Along with the nuclear membrane, eukaryotes also have membrane bound organelles. These organelles allow for complex compartmentalization. Prokaryotes have no membrane bound organelles, which causes them to be simplistic and lack internal compartmentalization. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes both have a cell wall that determines their shape and protects the cell. However, the cell walls differ in structure. Eukaryotes do not have peptidoglycan in their cell wall, whereas some prokaryotes

Both of them are composed of cells, which are surrounded by a cell membrane and cytoplasm. Both have flagella. Prokaryotes have protein building blocks, while Eukaryotes has multiple microtubules. Both have cell wall. On Prokaryotes it includes peptidoglycan and is chemically complex while in eukaryotes it is chemically simple. The DNA in prokaryotes exists in a space called nucleoid and it is circular DNA while eukaryotes have linear DNA and it is organized into a higher-order structure. Both have ribosomes that are used for translation of RNA into proteins. Both of them can perform transport, DNA replication, transcription, translation, and movement. Although, they have similarities, most are carried out within organelles in eukaryotes.

Conversely, present-day prokaryotes embody several kinds of bacteria, separated into two factions known as archaebacteria and the eubacteria (Campbell et al., n.d.). Archaebacteria were suited to more extreme environments whereas eubacteria,the more common present day bacteria, is found in soil, water and other organisms (Venemar, 2011). Escherichia coli(E. Coli) elucidates the structure of a typical prokaryotic cell, commonly found

Eukaryotic cells contain many important organelles that have unique structures and functions that interact with each other to perform the essential activities within the cell. One of the most important organelles is the nucleus which contains the hereditary material of the cell such as the chromosomes and DNA. The nucleus also functions as a ‘brain’ or ‘control center’ of the cell by directing the activities of other organelles such as protein synthesis. Another important organelle is the plasma membrane

The cell is the basic unit of life. Two groups are formed between living organisms, and those two groups are the eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Even though all organisms have the same characteristics of life, there are differences and similarities that are seen at the cellular level between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Prokaryotes came into play around 3.5 billion years ago and then the eukaryotes evolved around 1.5 billion years ago.

Prokaryotic don’t have a nucleus and their cell type is unicellular. They do not have a true membrane bound nucleus and they have loop DNA. They are rod shaped, spherical and spiral and they divide by binary fission. They are smaller

Cells are the basic components of all living things. Both the prokaryotic and the eukaryotic cell contain a plasma membrane, a cytoplasm, DNA, and ribosomes. One of the main differences between a eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell is that a prokaryotic cell lacks a nucleus, (pro means before and kary means nucleus) and it also lacks membrane-bound organelles. Instead of having a nucleus, prokaryotes have a single chromosome. This chromosome is often referred to as a gonophore. Due to prokaryotes being single celled, the inside of a prokaryotic cell is full of open space, meaning they do not contain any membrane walls. The prokaryotic cell makes up all bacteria and bacteria-like archaea (germs).

If you examine Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes side by side, you will spot a number of disparities. To begin with, Prokaryotic cells are a lot smaller than Eukaryotic cells and have a simpler structure. However, this simple structure is actually an advantage for their lifestyle because it allows them to reproduce quickly

Both bacterial nucleoid and eukaryotic nucleus are area where genetic information such as DNA or RNA is store. However, the bacterial nucleoid is not a membrane bound organelle like the eukaryotic nucleus. The nucleoid is just a region in the bacterial cell’s cytoplasm that contain the genetic materials. The DNA in bacteria and other prokaryote differ from eukaryote in that the prokaryotic DNA is circular and contains only one origin of replication. Eukaryotic DNA are linear and contains multiple origin of replication. Since there is no nuclear envelope in bacteria cells, both transcription and translation happens in the cytosol. In eukaryotic cells, the presence of a nuclear envelope compartmentalized DNA transcription within the nucleus.

The nucleus is critical to cell biology. In an academic analogy, it acts as the principle. It is the control center and it stores DNA. There are three major parts to the nucleus which are the nuclear envelope, nucleolus, and DNA. The Nucleus is within eukaryotic cells and is protected by a nuclear envelope. The envelope has pores that allow substances, like proteins and ribosomal subunits, to travel in and out of the nucleus. On the inside of the nuclear envelope, is nucleoplasm. Nucleoplasm is a jelly like matter were subtances are dissolved. The Nucleolus is a small, ball-like structure that sits inside the nucleus and produces subunits of ribosomes. The DNA in a nucleus is found in chromatin. It is a stringy substance that surrounds the

Prokaryote cells - bacteria and archeans. They are single celled organisms, where the DNA is not separate from the cytoplasm. These prokaryote cells formed the earliest and most primitive life on earth.