Ethyl Acetate Lab Report

26. The category of reactions in which larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones is known as:

In this experiment, the relative rates of free-radical chain bromination where determined. Five arenes were used for this comparison along with two controls for each set. One set was kept in the dark while the other was put under light. This allowed for better observation of the reactions, as the light set would proceed fast to show which arenes reacted slowest, while the dark set would proceed slowly to show relative differences between the faster reacting arenes. The time it took for the arenes to react was recorded to determine the relative rates of the reactions.

This procedure substituted an alcohol functional group on an alkene with a chlorine, converting 2-methyl-2-butanol into 2-chloro-2-methylbutane. In this reaction, the alcohol group needs to be detached from the molecule for the chlorine to bind; thus the alcohol is called the leaving group. It does not constitute a good leaving group, since if it's departure took place, the resulting OH- would be a strong base. However, if exposed to a sufficiently acidic environment, the alcohol group could be protonated and become -H2O+, which is a much more effective leaving group. This leaving group can then be replaced by a nucleophile, but there are two different manners in which this may happen.

The reaction created in the lab was a condensation reaction, specifically a fischer esterification reaction. This reaction is created by combination of a carboxylic acid and alcohol group with loss of water. A very noticible property of ester products are the oders they produce, which is usually described as fruity. For example, propyl methanoate is described as smelling like apples. Butyl heptanoate has a distinct sent of coconut. Also pentyl ethanoate has a banana scent when created. Lastly propyl butanoate is described as smelling like pears.

October 17, 18, and 19, samples were collected from multiple sites along the BSR. The class was split into groups, and samples were collected from seven separate locations along the river and WWTP. There was also a sample collected by the S which is located between sites four and five. For each of these sites, there were ten groups from other labs that also collected a sample from the BSR. At site two of the river, the location included multiple sources of possible contamination. A drainage site was located 200 yards upstream, along with a small PVC drainage pipe next to the collection site. Not only was there drainage running into the river, the site was under a bridge, and contained other trash scattered throughout the area. The

This separation was pretty successful, considering the difficulty getting every single piece of iron using a magnet. Sodium chloride was another substance that did not receive a 100 percent yield. Only 84 percent of sodium chloride was retrieved after separation. Zinc and sand were the only two substances that had a 100 percent yield. Both were very easy to disconnect because of the separation methods used. Since sand had the highest percent yield, filtration was the best separation method in this lab.

The purpose of this study was to conduct a bromination reaction to manufacture ethyl (2S,3R)-2,3-dibromo-3-phenylpropanoate from ethyl trans-cinnamate utilizing hydrogen bromide, hydrogen peroxide, and ethanol. However, due to an error in the mechanism, the reaction was performed under the same equivalent conditions with trans-diphenylethene to yield 1,2-dibromo-1,2-diphenylethane. Subsequently, a debromination reaction was performed to synthesize diphenylacetylene from the product, 1,2-dibromo-1,2-diphenylethane, utilizing potassium hydroxide and ethylene glycol. Both reactions were performed based on the principles of green chemistry: specifically increasing the atom economy, minimizing the syntheses of hazardous chemicals, utilizing safer solvents, preventing pollution and preventing accidents in the process.1 In order to evaluate the purity, each product was analyzed by obtaining the TLC and melting point range and running the samples in the Infrared spectrometer, Gas chromatography mass spectrometer, and Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. Based on the mass of solid product obtained, the percent yield for ethyl (2S,3R)-2,3-dibromo-3-phenylpropanoate, 1,2-dibromo-1,2-diphenylethane and diphenylacetylene were calculated to be %, %, and % respectively.

Patient #1 will need several lab and diagnosis test ran on the current medication list. A CBC and culture & sensitivity test is needed for the Vantin to determine if still needed for bacterial infection. Potassium level along with renal function, bicarb and pH level should be monitored for mineral and electrolyte replacement of potassium Chloride. Furosemide (Lasix), which is a diuretic, is being administered 40mg PO daily. Electrolytes, renal function, hepatic function, glucose levels along with uric acid level should be checked before therapy begins. Also, check for decrease in potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium. Patient #1 is on several benzodiazepines Librium 25mg Q8h, Ativan 1mg every 1-2hrs orally as needed. And Serax 15mg

In this experiment, the pKa, dissociation constant, of 2-naphthol was determined by measuring the UV-visible absorption spectra of solution of the acid at different pH values.

The ethyl (3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-4H-1,4-benzothiazin-4-yl)acetate 4C (0.05 mol, 14.37g) was warmed in a mixture of ethanol and DMF (1:2) to get a clear solution and was cooled to room temperature. A solution of KOH (0.08 mol, 4.81g) in water (10 ml) was added to this solution and the mixture was stirred for 24h at room temperature to ensure the completion of the reaction. The completion of the reaction was monitored by TLC (CHCl3:MeOH, 9:1). The reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness and the residue dissolved again by adding ice cold water. The insoluble impurities were separated by filtration and the filtrate was acidified with 4N HCl to get a solid product (3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-4H-1,4-benzothiazin-4-yl)acetic acid (4D), collected by filtration.

I have learned a lots from doing this experiment. I have learned that the substances in a mixture are separated by the differences in their physical properties. The more different the properties are, the easier it is to separate the substances. I learned different ways to separate the materials ,for example, we can use magnet to separate iron or metal. We can use water to separate sand and wax because wax will float but sand won’t. Sand will not float because sand weighs more than water and that’s why sand pushes the water out of the way and sinks. In the future, i would love to investigate that what other materials floats or sinks and why. And i would love to learn that what physical properties will i need to use to solve chemistry problems about

The unknown substances found using both methods of chromatography could be identified using the calculated retention factor (Rf) values. The equation is below: The Rf values for the substances on the paper chromatograms were calculated using this equation as follows: The Rf values for the substances on the thin-layer chromatograms were also calculated as follows: Below is a table containing the colour and retention factors of different substances found in plants: The retention factor of a compound changes from laboratory to laboratory, and even from experiment to experiment. This is due to any slight variations in the setup, the mobile and stationary phases used, and the temperature. From this investigation, the pigments separated from the plant extract can be identified using their colours, along with the Rf values.

The purpose of this experiment is to prepare an ester. Esters are a type of organic compound, and these compounds are very prevalent in today's society because they contribute to scents/fragrances/aromas, flavoring, and even lubrication. Moreover, this experiment allows us to understand more of the esterification process, in which the synthesis of esters is due to the esterification reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. In this experiment, we studied ester #6. By completing the procedure for this reaction, we detected the odor of wintergreen.

This experiment was conducted to find the rate law for the reaction of iodine with acetone. This was found by using the method rates. The orders of acetone and hydrochloric acid is one while the order of iodine is zero. The procedure was meant to notice the disappearance of one reactant, Iodine.

In the future, in order to improve this study, one could attempt to separate a mixture consisting of more than four different components. This would improve the study seeing as one would have a larger variety of components and therefore a larger variety of methods which could be used to separate the mixture. This would also help one to understand how the physical and chemical properties of the components in a mixture affect a larger variety of separation methods, not just those tested in this experiment. Another way in which this study could be improved is by experimenting more with the different states of matter. In this experiment, two of the three states of matter were experimented with. These states being solids and liquids. In the future, however, one should attempt to separate a mixture containing gases as well. This would help improve the study seeing as it would once again provide a larger variety of separation methods which could be used and therefore, a better understanding of how the properties of matter affect the separation methods used on a mixture. There are multiple ways in which the methods used in this experiment could be useful in other scientific studies and scientific fields. One way in which these methods could be