Critical Infrastructure Sector

This issue was becoming so bad that businesses would donate or pay to have better sewer systems because the water they used to cook/boil food was polluted and not healthy for people to digest.

The need for water in all of society is of the upmost importance in order for humankind to survive. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) states that the Earth’s surface is made up of about 70% water and only 3.5% of the water is fresh water suitable to consume (Perlman, 2013). In order to have the resource of water that society needs, companies such as the Trinity River Authority (TRA) are formed in different communities around the globe. Water supply and reclamation companies range in size and structure from public to privately owned and run.

In order to address the issue of clean water availability, the objectives must address multiple levels of the social-ecological model simultaneously. Three overarching objectives will be addressed. 1) The current public water system must increase in capacity. The current public water system is small and up to 40% of households do not have access to the public water system (2). 2) Due to the rural nature of the population, expansion of the current system should begin

Water is probably the most important resource we as people have. Humans can survive without food for several weeks, but without water we would die in less than a week. On a slightly less dramatic note, millions of liters of water are needed every day worldwide for washing, irrigating crops, and cooling industrial processes, not to mention leisure industries such as swimming pools and water-sports centers. Despite our dependence on water, we use it as a dumping ground for all sorts of waste, and do very little to protect the water supplies we have.

Imagine life without water, what affects do you think will come? Water is not only an important source of nature but a  necessity to living life through human society. Our group believe in the importance of water and realize that without Central Arkansas Water the future for our area would lack in a necessity in daily living. We wanted to know more about the complications CAW experiences, the current improvements to the system, and the future plans that will lead Central Arkansas to a new level of water enterprise. In the water sector of Infrastructure there are many important sub-sector to the transportation of water, but water treatment is the most important in our Central Arkansas area.

The Midwestern region of the United States, such a small corner of the world, is notorious for its prosperous agriculture and its abundant livestock population. Citizens of the Midwest, and consequently, the United States, rarely have to worry about where meals will come from or when the next time water will be available. Water fountains are a common sight within public places, specifically schools and workplaces, and each system reliably produces water at the touch of a button, every time, without fail. However, what happens when the dependability of water in the Midwest is compromised? Over the past decade, the water quality in Flint, Michigan, a town very close to Iowan homes, has seen a rapid decadence, given that the Flint River has been exposed to “the presence of fecal coliform bacteria, low dissolved oxygen, plant nutrients, oils, and other toxic substances,” though the main focus has

The states of Michigan, Indiana, and Ohio are mainly known for their auto industries, but automobiles aren’t the only thing these states specialize in. For starters, Michigan has a growing industry in technology. Technology just happened to be one of the top five industries fueling Michigan’s economy. This industry is supported by their unrivaled epic center for research and development. The research and development center is where work is directed towards the innovation, introduction, and improvement of products and processes. When dealing with technology, water technology is a necessity because it aids greatly in Michigan’s ever improving agricultural industry. The agricultural industry brings in $101billion to Michigan’s economy which

We have identified four main water stakeholders: residents, industry, agriculture and recreation/tourism. To elaborate specifics, this list of key stakeholders in Arizona Water was borrowed from a study done by the Decision Center for a Desert City, or DCDC, back in 2007 that assessed Stakeholder views on upcoming changes to the

“Infrastructure is the four-syllable jawbreaker that governments use to describe the concrete, stone, steel, wires and wood that Americans rely on every day but barely notice until something goes awry (Kelderman).” Due to the state of the economy many lawmakers put the money need to keep infrastructure properly taken care of into things like defense. The federal Clean Water State Revolving Fund, which makes low interest loans to clean up or protect water supplies, has shrunk from more than $3 billion in 1990 to roughly $1 billion in 2007 (Kelderman). The report also suggests that there is an $11 billion dollar shortfall annually needed to bring facilities up to current federal water regulations. As stated in the article “ The State of the Union-Crumbling’, the nation is spending less than 40 percent of the $225 billion needed annually for the next 50 years to maintain the current system of roads, rails and bridges and build enough transportation capacity for a growing population.

This topic has a lot of correlation to what we have been discussing in class, and the assigned reading- in the sense that water is the basis of life on earth. Many people have the mindset (including myself before the tour) that we will never run out of water. This leads to an exaggeration of water being wasted whether it be from: washing dishes, taking long showers, running water when not using it. I learned from the treatment facility that they collect over 80 million gallons of wastewater a day! It also takes a lot of energy to be able to treat the water. I was surprised to learn the reclaimed water is used to feed parks, golf courses and even used agricultural purposes. This is important, and just like public transportation, should be funded and be labeled as high priority. The reason it should be funded more is because why waste the little fresh water we have left on places that don’t necessarily need them?

The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has recognized 16 critical infrastructure sectors whose assets, systems, and networks are considered vital to the United States and if these sectors were incapacitated in any form, this would be detrimental to security, the economy, public and safety. These sectors are identified as the following (Department of Homeland Security, n.d.):

There are two sources of drinking water, surface water and ground water and they are each managed, monitored and regulated differently even though the actual water systems are interrelated and integrated. The state of Missouri has historically had plenty of high-quality fresh water sources; in the northern half of the state most of the drinking water comes from surface water while the majority of the southern population gets water from underground aquifers (Missouri Department of Natural Resources, 2010). The Missouri River and its alluvium wells provide more than half of the state’s residents with drinking water as most of the urban centers in the state are located along its course. Water from wells located adjacent to the Missouri River

Access to clean, safe, and affordable water is a fundamental human right essential for a healthy population, environment, and economy. Many communities, particularly those of low-income and communities of color are under-served. Unlike other groups, these communities lack access to safe, affordable water for drinking, subsistence, cultural, and/or recreational uses. California’s 5 years of consecutive drought have exacerbated these conditions in impoverished areas. Disadvantaged communities tend to be disproportionately impacted by disasters, both natural and human caused, due to a general lack of diversified resources. Impoverished areas tend to be reliant on a sole source of water, be geographically distant from large water projects, and

1. Offer your opinion as to the two critical infrastructure sectors you feel are currently most at risk. Provide reasoning as to why you hold this position and what role the private sector can play in decreasing this risk.

Every day Americans depend on public water systems to treat and deliver over 44 billion gallons of water to homes daily (“Importance of Clean Water”). However, Americans